《三台》音乐形态及流传情况考述

A Study on the Music Characteristics and the Spreading of Santai

《三台》作为乐府曲调诞生于北齐,在唐宋时期得到充分发展,宫调多达十五种;体制既有大曲形式,也有纯器乐演奏形式;所用乐器以弦乐器、管乐器和打击乐器为主,这些乐器多数来自丝绸之路,如觱篥、五弦琵琶等;《三台》还可配舞表演,宋代甚至出现了雷中庆等专擅《三台》舞的舞者。降及元明清,《三台》仍然可歌可舞。直至现代,根据长安古乐半字谱破译的《三台》曲谱仍可表演。由唐代至清,《三台》流传从未消歇,宫廷宴飨、文士雅集,甚至边疆域外皆可见到其表演盛况。

Santai, as a Yuefu tune, was born in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and fully developed in the Tang and Song dynasties, whose tune style reaches more than 15 types. The system is not only in Daqu form, but also in the form with pure instruments. The stringed, wind and percussion musical instruments are mainly used, most of which come from "the Silk Road", such as wind instrument, five-string pipa and so on. Santai can also match with dancing performance, and in Song Dynasty, there were dancers like Lei Zhongqing who was good at Santai dance. When it came to Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Santai was still sung and danced. From Tang to Qing, Santai has never ceased to be spread all the time, the spectacular performance can be seen everywhere at the court banquet and the gathering of the scholars, even at or outside of the frontier.