机器人辅助全膝关节置换的研究进展

Research progress of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty

人工全膝关节置换术(manual total knee arthroplasty,MTKA)能够有效减轻关节疼痛,改善及恢复患者运动机能,已成为治疗膝关节病变主要术式。随着生活水平提高和人口老龄化,全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)需求逐年增加,目前美国每年有超过60万患者进行TKA,预计2030年总数将超过3500万。尽管近年来植入物材料及设计得到优化与改良,仍有高达20%的患者因术后功能结果未达到预期而感到不满意。

Total knee arthroplasty is performed to treat end-stage knee osteoarthritis.Reducing complications,prolonging the life of prosthesis and reducing the risk of revision have been the research focus in the field of joint surgery.This requires precise mechanical axis reconstruction,accurate prosthesis placement and better soft tissue balance.Compared with traditional TKA,robot-assisted technique can improve the accuracy of osteotomy and lower limb mechanical axis reconstruction.However,robot-assisted system is expensive,which also needs longer operation time and more high-quality clinical studies with long-term follow-up to explore the advantages in joint replacement.In this paper,the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty and artificial TKA are reviewed.