向苏联学习:20世纪50年代中国“针灸科学化”的历史面向

An historical review of"scientific acupuncture and moxibustion"in the 1950s--Learning from the Soviet Union

新中国成立后,学界大力吸收以巴甫洛夫高级神经活动学说为代表的苏联医学,开展针灸科学化研究。具体体现在经络理论与针灸机制的“科学化”重构,开展穴位测电与皮肤活动点的实验研究,发明并广泛应用中西结合针灸疗法等方面。“学习苏联”构成了当时“针灸科学化”的重要一端,也对当代中国针灸学的形塑产生了显著影响,促使针灸科学化发展由外部驱动转变为自发主动;同时,在此过程中也不可避免地出现传统医学与现代科学间的摩擦与容适。梳理这段史实,分析得失利弊,总结经验教训,对当下中医药传承精华,守正创新提供历史借鉴。

The medicine of the Soviet Union represented by Pavlov's advanced neurological theory played a major role in the medical system for the New China in the 1950s.In terms of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,it embodied in the'scientific'reconstruction of main and collateral channels and mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion,reported on acupoint electric measurement and skin active point,and developed acupuncture theory with Integrated Medicine.In this sense,'learning from the Soviet Union',was one of the important factors for'scientised acupuncture and moxibustion',which influenced the constructing of contemporary acupuncture and moxibustion in China and drove the development of'scientised acupuncture and moxibustion'.In addition,inevitably,it led to some conflicts and contradictions between traditional medicine and modern sciences in the process of'learning from the Soviet Union'.This review of'learning from the Soviet Union',the analysis of its advantages and disadvantages,and synthesis of its experiences,will provide an historical reference to current development of traditional Chinese medicine.