金融衍生品的社会哲学——对马克思价值形式分析和货币理论当代意义的探讨

Social Philosophy of Financial Derivatives:A Discussion on the Contemporary Significance of Marx’s Value-form Analysis and Monetary Theory

金融衍生品作为一种风险的商品形式和资本的融通机制,对马克思主义的价值理论和货币理论提出了挑战。马克思的价值形式分析和以此为基础的货币理论是分析金融衍生品的有力理论工具。马克思将价值的本质理解为商品的社会关系,并必然以货币为表现形式,货币在平均利润与生产价格理论中有着决定性作用,因此内涵了资本逻辑。按照马克思的价值形式分析和货币理论,金融衍生品因为构成当代世界范围内不同资本交换的融通中介,推动了世界范围内平均利润率的形成,因而是一种独特的货币。金融衍生品作为货币所代表的社会关系,是资本主义所有制关系的第三次剥离即资本所有权与企业所有权的剥离,它使得资本的统治更加抽象,同时加剧了资本和劳动之间的矛盾;金融衍生品将时间和空间维度纳入自身机制,使得加速成为当代社会最显著的现象之一。立足马克思主义立场对金融衍生品进行考察,有助于我们在理论上推动对马克思主义政治经济学基本理论的理解,增强对资本逻辑的认识,避免金融资本主义的消极后果。

As a risky commodity form and capital financing mechanism, financial derivatives challenge the Marxist theory of value and monetary theory. Marx’s value-form analysis and monetary theory are powerful theoretical tools for analyzing financial derivatives. Marx understood the essence of value as the social relationship of commodities, and it’s bound to be in the form of money. Money plays a decisive role in the theory of average profit and production price, so it contains the logic of capital. According to Marx’s value-form analysis and monetary theory, financial derivatives are a unique money because they constitute the intermediary of different capital exchanges in the contemporary world, and promote the formation of the average profit rate in the world. The social relationship represented by financial derivatives as money is the third separation of capitalist ownership, that is, the separation of capital ownership and enterprise ownership, which makes the rule of capital more abstract and aggravates the contradiction between capital and labor;financial derivatives incorporate time and space dimensions into their own mechanisms, making acceleration one of the most significant phenomena in contemporary society. The investigation of the socialism of financial derivatives will help us theoretically promote the understanding of the basic theory of Marxist political economy, enhance the understanding of capital logic, and avoid the negative consequences of financial capitalism.