莫里斯·多布与英国马克思主义历史学的奠基

Maurice Dobb and the Making of British Marxist Historiography

莫里斯·多布是20世纪西方最具影响的马克思主义经济学家,也是享誉世界史坛的英国马克思主义史学流派的奠基者。他是忠诚的英国共产党党员,服膺马克思的理论,终生致力于恢复马克思在西方经济学谱系中的地位,运用马克思主义理论研究历史与现实。他关于欧洲从封建主义向资本主义过渡的研究,引发马克思主义学者之间的论战,使埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆、克里斯托弗·希尔、罗德尼·希尔顿等年轻一代马克思主义史学家从中获得学术训练和知识养分,奠定了他们的研究基础。多布对重大问题的选择,对马克思主义理论的重视,对社会底层和阶级的关注,对整体史研究方法的运用,形塑了英国马克思主义史学流派的学术品格与话语体系。

Maurice Dobb is the most influential Marxist economist of the western world in the 20th century,and also the founder for the famous group of British Marxist historians.Maurice Dobb was a faithful communist,devoting life-long to the recovery of the place of Karl Marx in the western economics,and making use of Marxism to research history and reality.His research on transition from Feudalism to Capitalism in Europe sparked controversy between Marxist scholars,and the younger generation of British Marxist historians,such as Eric Hobsbawm,Christopher Hill,Rodney Hilton,acquired academic training and knowledge from the controversy.Maurice Dobb’s selection of grand questions,emphasis on Marxism and focus on the bottom and class,shaped academic characteristics and discourse system of British Marxist historians.