长江天鹅洲故道湿地生物多样性及其保护对策

Biodiversity and Protection Strategies in Tianezhou Oxbow Wetland of Yangtze River

长江天鹅洲故道湿地属于河流泛洪平原湿地,是现存长江故道湿地的重要代表之一,已被列入我国重要湿地名录。长江天鹅洲故道湿地现有长江江豚(Neophocaena phocaenoides)和麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)两个国家级自然保护区,其生态系统多样,蕴含丰富的生物资源。从长江天鹅洲故道湿地生物多样性现状入手,系统探讨了湿地动植物的种类、数量及演变趋势,在此基础上分析了湿地在生物多样性保护方面存在的问题。根据我国生物多样性保护和可持续发展战略的需要,提出了一系列针对性的保护对策,如实施通江工程,改善故道水体环境;改善湿地旱化,促进生境修复;完善生物多样性保护的政策和法规;加强生物多样性保护的监测和信息系统建设;加强生物多样性领域科学研究和人才培养等,以期为长江天鹅洲湿地及长江中下游洪泛平原其他湿地的生物多样性保护、利用及管理提供科学依据和重要参考。

The Tianezhou Oxbow Wetland of Yangtze River belongs to the river flood plain wetland.It is one of the important representatives of the existing oxbow wetland of the Yangtze River and has been listed in the list of important wetlands in China.At present,there are two national nature reserves,the Yangtze finlessporpoise(Neophocaena phocaenoides)and David’s deer(Elaphurus davidianus),with diverse ecosystems and rich biological resources.Based on the present situation of biodiversity in Tianezhou Oxbow Wetland of Yangtze River,the species,quantity,composition structure and evolution trend of wetland animals and plants are systematically discussed.On this basis,the problems existing in wetland biodiversity protection are put forward.According to the needs of biodiversity protection and sustainable development strategies in China,this paper proposes a series of targeted conservation countermeasures including improving the water environment of the old road through the implementation of the Tongjiang Project;improving wetland drought and promoting habitat restoration;improving the policies and regulations for biodiversity conservation;strengthening the monitoring and information system construction of biodiversity conservation;strengthening the scientific research and talent training in the field of biodiversity,etc.It is expected to provide scientific basis and guidance for biodiversity protection,utilization and management of Tianezhou Oxbow Wetland and other flood plain wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.