从分子生物学的角度来看胆固醇结石的成因

The cause of cholesterol gallstones from the perspective of molecular biology

胆囊结石是最常见的消化系统疾病之一,随着人们生活方式的改变胆固醇结石患病率在逐年提高。胆囊结石的病因研究已经深入到分子生物学,在基因遗传、表观遗传及细胞信号转导等多个方面有了进展,且成为了当下的研究热点。本文以复制、转录、翻译为主线,详细介绍了胆固醇结石的成因。从基因遗传介绍了ABCG5/G8基因复制过程碱基出现替换最后影响了胆固醇转运蛋白的翻译,最后对胆汁胆固醇的分泌产生影响。ABCB4基因出现了插入突变,从而对胆盐转运蛋白的翻译,对胆盐分泌造成影响。表观遗传主要体现在多种microRNA对于翻译过程的影响,以及信号转导中多种分子信号对于翻译过程的影响。胆囊的运动功能是成石不可忽视的重要原因,发现了Cckar基因这类调控胆囊运动的基因。本文重点对基因遗传、表观遗传及细胞信号转导中主要致石因子及机制进行阐述,更好地从分子生物学的层面将胆固醇结石的成因系统展开阐述。

Gallstones are one of the most common digestive system diseases,and the prevalence of cholesterol stones is increasing year by year with people’s lifestyle changes.The study of gallstones has gone deep into molecular biology.Research progress has been made in many aspects such as genetic inheritance,epigenetics and cell signal transduction,and it has become a current research hotspot.In this paper,the origin of cholesterol gallstones is introduced in detail from the main lines of replication,transcription and translation.Introduced from genetic inheritance,the substitution of bases in the process of ABCG5/G8 gene replication finally affects the translation of cholesterol transporter,and finally affects the secretion of bile cholesterol.Insertion mutations in the ABCB4 gene have an effect on the translation of bile salt transporter and bile salt secretion.Epigenetics is mainly reflected in the influence of various micro RNAs on the translation process.And the influence of various molecular signals in signal transduction on the translation process.The motor function of the gallbladder is an important reason for lithogenesis,and genes such as the Cckar gene were found to regulate the movement of the gallbladder.In this paper,the main lithogenic factors and mechanisms in genetic inheritance,epigenetics and cell signal transduction will be expounded,and the causes of cholesterol gallstones will be systematically expounded from the perspective of molecular biology.