含钴二次资源中钴的提取技术研究进展

Research Progress on Separation and Extraction of Critical Metal Cobalt from Secondary Co-containing Resources

当前社会对钴资源的需求量激增,仅从矿产资源中提取钴金属已不能完全满足市场的需求。从钴的二次资源中分离提取钴是解决钴资源供应不足问题的重要途径。本文对含钴资源和废旧催化剂、钴锰废渣、废旧电池等钴锰二次资源的特点进行了分析,对比介绍了化学沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、离子交换法、膜电解法分离溶液中钴锰离子的工艺、原理及技术效果,同时综述了适用于溶液中钴锰分离的选冶联合方法研究进展,其中浮游萃取法兼具界面分选与化工分离的双重优势,钴锰分离效率高、流程短、成本低,特别适用于选冶工业中大规模低浓度废液或废水有价金属的分离与富集,应用前景广阔。

At present,with the surging demand of cobalt metal,the extraction of cobalt from mineral resources can not fully meet the market requirement.Separation and extraction of cobalt from secondary resources is an important approach to relief the undersupply of cobalt.In this paper,the resource characteristics of Co mineral resources and secondary Co-containing resources,including waste catalysts,Co-Mn leaching residues,and waste batteries,were analyzed,and the processes,principles and technical effects of chemical precipitation method,solvent extraction method,ion exchange method and electrolysis method for the separation of cobalt and manganese ions from solutions were introduced and compared.In addition,the combined beneficiation and metallurgy methods which were suitable for the separation of cobalt and manganese from solutions were also reviewed.Among the combined technologies,the novel flotation-extraction method had the dual advantages of interface separation and chemical separation,and it was characterized as high separation efficiency,short process and low cost.It is especially suitable for the large-scale separation and enrichment of valuable metals in low-concentration waste liquid or wastewater in the metallurgical industry,presenting a broad application prospect.