我国铁尾矿工艺矿物学特性及其资源化技术研究进展

Reviews of the Process Mineralogy Characteristics and Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Iron Ore Tailings in China

目前我国铁尾矿存在排放量大、成分复杂、资源化产品附加值低、规模化利用率低等问题,实现铁尾矿的大宗量高效利用已成为绿色矿山的客观要求。因此,通过对铁尾矿的工艺矿物学特性以及铁尾矿利用技术两个方面系统的归纳,总结了不同类型铁尾矿的粒度、矿物组成、伴生元素、化学成分等基本特点,综述了铁尾矿在再选回收有价组分和制备建筑材料、充填材料、肥料及土壤改良剂、介孔材料、3D打印材料等领域的资源化利用现状,并指出了我国铁尾矿资源化利用现有技术存在的问题,提出了我国铁尾矿进一步综合高效利用的方向和建议,为不同特性铁尾矿的高效利用提供参考。

The comprehensive utilization technology of iron ore tailings has played an important role in the green mine construction and social and economic sustainable development in China.On these accounts of large emission,low scale utilization rate and complex composition of tailings and low added value of iron ore tailings based products,It has become an urgent objective requirement of green mines to realize the comprehensive and efficient utilization of iron ore tailings.In this paper,the current research status of iron ore tailings in two aspects involving process mineralogy characteristics and recycling technology were summarized,including the particle size,mineral composition,associated elements and chemical composition of different types of iron ore tailings,as well as the recovery of beneficial components from tailings.In addition,the current research status of iron ore tailings in used as building materials,filling materials,fertilizer and soil amendments,mesoporous materials,3D printing materials and so on were discussed.Meanwhile,the problems existing in iron ore tailings comprehensive utilization technology were point out,and the direction of efficient utilization was suggested.The above work provides reference for efficient utilization of iron ore tailings with different mineral composition and different types.