治理跨境数据流动的贸易规则体系构建

The Construction of Trade Rule Framework that Governs Cross-border Data Flows

数字经济背景下,数字贸易和跨境数据流动具有一体两面的特点,并由此产生通过贸易规则治理跨境数据流动的新问题。由于数据的多维度,使得以WTO为代表的传统多边贸易规则体系陷入回应困局。通过深入比较美国、欧盟和中国规制跨境数据流动的不同模式,本文认为在解决跨境数据流动问题上,已出现兼容性区域贸易规则的演进趋势。为推动跨境数据流动多边贸易规则的形成,我国应进一步坚持多边主义立场,充分利用WTO的多边谈判功能,积极参与电子商务JSI等诸边协议的谈判;统筹安全和发展,采取务实和灵活的态度,在新的跨境数据流动多边规则中充分维护我国利益;同时,坚持总体国家安全观同步完善数据跨境流动的国内机制,以期构建我国治理跨境数据流动的一体化贸易规则体系。

Under the context of the digital economy, digital trade and cross-border data flows, in terms of characteristics, are two sides of the same coin, and this has given rise to the new issues of governing cross-border data flows through trade rules.Due to the multidimensionality of data, the traditional multilateral trade rule system represented by the WTO is caught in a response dilemma.Through an in-depth comparison of the different models of regulating cross-border data flows in the US, the EU and China, the article argues that there has been an evolutionary trend of compatible regional trade rules in addressing cross-border data flows.In order to promote the formation of multilateral trade rules on cross-border data flows, China should further adhere to its multilateralist stance, make full use of the multilateral negotiating function of the WTO and actively participate in the negotiation of plurilateral agreements such as the JSI on electronic commerce;integrate security and development, adopt a pragmatic and flexible attitude and fully safeguard China’s interests in the new multilateral rules on cross-border data flows;and improve the domestic mechanism for cross-border data flows in parallel with the overall national security concept simultaneously, hoping to build an integrated trade rule system for China’s governance of cross-border data flows.