风险行政诉讼中原告资格认定

The Plaintiff Qualification Determination in Risk Regulation Administration

风险社会背景下,原告资格认定相较之传统行政存在差异,这是由风险规制行政中利益结构的复杂性、风险结果的不可评估性和因果关系的客观不确定性等特点决定的。从德、日等国司法实务观察,其多放弃严格的权益被侵害者诉讼类型,采利害关系人诉讼类型,法国原则上坚持利害关系人诉讼。对“合法权益”的解读原则上以实体法规范为基准,兼顾事实因素,正视个人权益的社会功能面向,采宽松的法解释态度。在因果关系认定上,应承认推定因果关系的适用。

In the context of the risk society, the plaintiff qualification determination is different from that in the traditional administrative context, which is determined by the complexity of the interest structure in the risk regulation administration, the unevaluability of risk results, and the objective uncertainty of causality.Judicial practice observations in Germany, Japan and other countries show that most of them abandon the strict type of litigation for the victims of rights and interests, and adopt the type of litigation by interested person.France insists on litigation by interested person in principle.The interpretation of “legitimate rights and interests”is based on substantive law norms in principle, taking into account factual factors, facing the social function of personal rights and interests and adopting a relaxed legal interpretation attitude.In the determination of causality, the application of presumed causality should be recognized.