改性玄武岩纤维/聚氨酯阻尼材料的制备及性能

Preparation and properties of modified basalt fiber/polyurethane damping material

使用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)对玄武岩纤维(BF)进行表面处理制备了改性玄武岩纤维(MBF),以环氧化端羟基聚丁二烯(EHTPB)、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁二醇为原料合成了主链含有环氧基团的EHTPB基聚氨酯(EPU),通过环氧开环反应连接MBF与EPU制备了阻尼材料MBF@EPU。采用SEM、FTIR和XPS对BF和MBF表面形貌、结构进行了表征,采用动态热机械分析仪和电子万能拉伸试验机对MBF@EPU进行了测试。结果表明,KH550的改性使MBF表面含有大量的C元素,粗糙程度显著增加,MBF与EPU主链通过化学键进行了连接。MBF的引入能提高EPU的阻尼与力学性能。由MBF用量为EHTPB质量20%制得的聚氨酯阻尼材料具有最佳的综合性能,其有效阻尼温域达到140.0℃,拉伸强度为8.68MPa,断裂伸长率为329.04%,比EPU分别提高了7.7%和24.9%。

Modified basalt fiber(MBF)was prepared by surface treatment of basalt fiber(BF)with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane(KH550),and epoxy-terminated hydroxyl polybutadiene(EHTPB)-based polyurethane(EPU)was synthesized using EHTPB,diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol as raw materials.Then damping material MBF@EPU was fabricated by epoxy ring-opening reaction between MBF and EPU.The surface morphology and structure of MBF and BF were characterized by SEM,FTIR and XPS.MBF@EPU was tested by dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer and electronic universal tensile testing machine.The results showed the introduction of KH550 made the surface of MBF contain a lot of carbon element,thus obviously increased in surface roughness of MBF.Meanwhile,the analyses also indicated that MBF and EPU main chain were connected by chemical bonds.It was also found that the introduction of MBF improved the damping and mechanical properties of EPU.The optimal comprehensive performance of MBF@EPU was achieved when MBF content reached 20% of EHTPB mass,with effective damping temperature range of 140.0℃,tensile strength of 8.68 MPa and elongation at break of 329.04%,which were an improvement of 7.7% and 24.9% compared with those of EPU,respectively.