接种解有机磷细菌对滇重楼品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effect of Inoculation with Organophosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Quality and Soil Fertility of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis

目的:研究接种不同解有机磷细菌或复合菌对滇重楼药材品质及根际土壤肥力的影响,为滇重楼人工栽培中生物菌肥的研制和施用提供参考。方法:采用单因素室内盆栽的方式,试验设空白(CK)组、接种Bacillus mycoides(S1)组、接种B.wiedmannii(S2)组、接种B.proteolyticus(S3)组、接种B.mycoides和B.wiedmannii(S4)组、接种菌株B.mycoides和B.proteolyticus(S5)组、接种B.wiedmannii和B.proteolyticus(S6)组、接种B.mycoides、B.wiedmannii和B.proteolyticus(S7)组8个处理,分析接种解有机磷细菌对滇重楼根茎总皂苷含量及根际土壤中微生物数量、酶活性和养分含量影响。结果:接种解有机磷细菌的7个处理中,滇重楼根茎总皂苷含量与CK组比较分别增加了16.42%、3.83%、16.86%、33.69%、2.11%、13.44%、28.83%;接种解有机磷细菌均不同程度增加了土壤微生物数量,以S6和S7组的效果最为显著;接种解有机磷细菌提高了酶活性,以S7组效果最为显著,酸性磷酸酶、中性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性分别比CK组高49.96%、104.67%、110.17%、99.61%、26.26%、11.29%;接种解有机磷细菌降低了根际土壤pH,提高了土壤速效养分含量,S7组处理下,滇重楼根际土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK组高181.46%、51.64%、42.62%;相关性分析表明,总皂苷与磷酸酶活性之间呈显著正相关,土壤微生物与土壤酶活性呈显著正相关,土壤各种养分之间呈极显著正相关。结论:接种不同解有机磷细菌或复合菌能提高滇重楼品质和根际土壤肥力,其中以混合接种3种解有机磷细菌效果最佳。

Objective:The effect of inoculation with different organophosphate-resolving bacteria or compound bacteria on the quality of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicinal materials and rhizosphere soil fertility were studied to provide a reference for the development and application of biological bacterial fertilizer in artificial cultivation of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Method:The three dominant species of organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria were inoculated separately and in combination in sterilized soil by singlefactor indoor pot planting,and no inoculation was used as the control group.The effect of inoculation of organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria on total saponins content in rhizomes of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis,as well as microbial numbers,enzyme activities and nutrient contents in rhizosphere soil were analyzed.Result:In the seven treatments inoculated with organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria,the total saponin content in the rhizomes of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis was increased by 16.42%,3.83%,16.86%,33.69%,2.11%,13.44%,and 28.83%,respectively,compared with the control.Inoculation with organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria increased the number of soil microorganisms to varying degrees,and the effects of S6 and S7 treatments were the most significant.Inoculation with organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria improved the enzyme activity,and the effect of S7 treatment was the most significant.The activities of acid phosphatase,neutral phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase,protease,invertase and catalase were 49.96%and 104.67%,110.17%,99.61%,26.26%,11.29%higher than those of the control,respectively.Inoculation with organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria reduced the pH of the rhizosphere soil and increased the content of soil available nutrients.Under the S7 treatment,the contents of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis were 181.46%,51.64%and 42.62%higher than those of the control,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between total saponins and phosphatase activities,a significant positive correlation between soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities,and a very significant positive correlation between soil nutrients.Conclusion:Inoculation of different organophosphate-resolving bacteria or compound bacteria can improve the quality and rhizosphere soil fertility of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.Among them,the mixed inoculation of three kinds of bacteria and the mixed inoculation of B.mycoides and B.wiedmannii have the best effect.