碳基材料在低温硫化氢选择性氧化中的研究进展:从污染物到储能材料

Review of H_(2)S selective oxidation over carbon-based materials at low temperature:from pollutant to energy storage materials

在过去的几十年中,用碳基材料实现室温下硫化氢(H_(2)S)选择性氧化技术受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了近年来碳基脱硫催化剂的研究进展,包括碱改性活性炭、杂原子掺杂或官能团改性的多孔炭以及碳/碱性金属氧化物复合材料。讨论了H_(2)S在各种碳基催化剂上发生选择性氧化生成单质硫(S)的机理,指出了碳基材料的高比表面积、发达的孔隙结构和可调控的表面化学性质等优势在氧化脱硫中所起的重要作用。在此基础上,本文还总结了脱硫后得到的碳/硫复合材料的扩展应用——将其作为高性能锂硫电池(LSBs)的硫正极,进一步实现了含硫污染物的高附加值转化利用。最后,提出了目前碳基材料在低温H_(2)S选择性氧化中面临的主要挑战和未来的应用前景,以期为该技术的进一步发展提供指导。

Carbon materials for the room-temperature selective oxidation of H_(2)S have attracted growing attention in recent years.The recent development of carbon-based desulfurization catalysts is reviewed,including activated carbon modified by alkalis,porous carbon doped with nitrogen or modified with functional groups,and carbon composites with other species such as alkaline metal oxides.The oxidation mechanisms for H_(2)S on the various catalysts are discussed,and the important function of carbon in desulfurization are emphasized,including its large specific area,porous structure and adjustable surface chemistry.In addition to the catalytic oxidation of H_(2)S,the extended use of the spent catalysts,sulfur/carbon composites,as sulfur cathode materials for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries,is discussed as a way to add extra value to the sulfur-containing pollutants.Finally,the outlook for using carbon-based materials for room-temperature desulfurization and the key challenges to its large-scale use are explored.