聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)塑料水解酶结构、功能及改造

Sructure,function and application of hydrolases for polyethylene terephthalate(PET)degradation

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是应用最广泛的合成聚酯,被广泛用于饮料、食品包装材料以及纺织纤维等方面,其废弃物不可自然降解,形成了较严重的环境污染。利用环境友好的生物法将废弃塑料降解为低分子量的单体,使其循环再利用,将能显著促进节能减排。目前多个PET塑料降解酶被筛选和鉴定出来,它们的蛋白结构和功能也被广泛研究,在PET塑料的酶法降解与催化机制方面的研究取得了重大进展。本文总结了已有PET塑料降解酶在蛋白质结构、催化机制方面的研究情况,综述了利用酶工程技术对提升活性、提升耐热性、增强底物结合能力和解除产物抑制等适合工业应用方面的研究进展,为开发高效的PET酶法降解技术提供新思路。

Polyethylene terephthalate(PET)is a synthetic polyester widely used for packaging materials of beverage and food,as well as textile fibers.PET is not naturally degradable and thus causes a serious environmental pollution.Using environmentally friendly biological methods to degrade waste plastics into lower molecular weight monomers,and recycle to produce new product will significantly promote energy conservation and emission reduction.Many PET plastics degrading enzymes were screened and identified,and widely studied in protein structure and function in recent years.Progress has been made in the enzymatic degradation and catalytic mechanism of PET plastics.This paper summarizes the research status of existing PET plastic degradation enzymes in protein structure and catalytic mechanism,as well as the research progress of using enzyme engineering technology to enhance catalytic activity,thermostability and binding affinity and relieve product inhibition.Our review provides a new idea for the development of efficient PET enzymatic degradation technology.