聚氨酯塑料生物降解的研究现状

Research status of polyurethane biodegradation

目前,聚氨酯(PUR)塑料占据全球塑料市场的6%左右,然而,由于处置不合理,大量聚氨酯塑料被丢弃到环境当中,造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染等问题。废弃塑料的资源再利用已成为各个国家关注的重要问题。废弃塑料处理主要包括掩埋、焚烧以及机械回收、物理化学和生物利用等。与传统物理和化学法的降级利用相比,生物法因其绿色安全和潜在的高值化利用而成为研究者关注的热点。然而,塑料高分子特殊的分子结构使得目前塑料生物处理依然存在诸多问题,难以实现规模化应用。本文综述了PUR的化学结构和PUR降解性微生物的筛选方法,并总结了PUR降解微生物和降解酶的研究现状以及评价其降解效果的方法,为推进PUR生物降解研究提供了一定参考。

At present,polyurethane plastics account for about 6%of the global plastic market.However,a large number of polyurethane plastics are discarded into the environment due to irresponsible disposal,resulting in serious environmental pollution.Reuse of waste plastics has become an important issue.The treatment of waste plastics mainly includes burying,burning,mechanical recycling,physical chemistry,and biological utilization.Compared with traditional physical and chemical methods,biological methods have become the focus of researchers because of their green safety and potential high-value utilization.However,due to the special molecular structure of plastic polymers,there are still many problems in the biological treatment of plastics,and it is difficult to realize large-scale application.This review,summarizes the present situation and existing problems of biodegradation of polyurethane plastics,to provide reference for the resource utilization of waste polyurethane plastics by biological methods.