从一则案例看《URC522》对国际贸易的影响及其风险防范

The Influence of URC522 on International Trade and Corresponding Risk Prevention

《URC522》作为国际商会制定的重要国际惯例之一,对国际贸易和货款结算发挥了积极的作用。今天,在竞争日益激烈的国际市场,托收凭借以其低廉的银行费用、不占压进口商资金等优势被越来越多的中小外贸企业作为抢占市场的一种有效方式。但在实际业务中不难发现,相关外贸从业人员对《URC522》知之甚微,致使企业蒙受严重的经济损失。本文从一则典型的采用D/P付款交单的冷冻鲜对虾出口案例入手,分析了托收行和代收行在托收结算业务中应履行的“善意和合理谨慎”的基本义务,从不同角度分析了相关当事人的责任义务/免责,同时归纳得出对中小外贸企业通晓国际贸易法律和惯例,重视单证工作;谨慎选择托收行和代收行,力争采取CIF成交;投保卖方利益险等五方面启示。

URC522,as one of the important international conventions formulated by ICC(International Chamber of Commerce),plays a positive role in international trade and payment settlement.Nowadays,in the increasingly competitive international market,collection is adopted by more and more small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises as a means to seize the market by virtue of its advantages,such as charging low bank fees and not tying up the importers’capital.But in actual operation,we find that some enter⁃prises have suffered serious economic loss because some foreign trade practitioners knew little about URC522.Taking a typical case(export of frozen fresh prawns by D/P)as an ex⁃ample,this paper illustrates how the remitting bank and the collecting bank act with“good faith”and exercise“reasonable care”in the collection and settlement business.The liabilities and exemptions of relevant parties are analyzed from different perspectives.Finally,some suggestions for these enterprises are given:be familiar with international trade laws and practices,be cautious in documents handling as well as in selection of the remitting bank and collection bank,try to trade on CIF basis and take out insurance against seller's interest.