海南省香蕉种植业氨排放监测评估

Monitoring and Evaluation of Ammonia Emission from Banana Planting Industry in Hainan Province

[目的]研究海南香蕉种植业施用氮肥后氨排放规律及氨排放总量。[方法]充分利用海南省现有农业统计,并用通气法对海口市咸来镇香蕉地进行氨气排放大田原位监测。[结果]影响海南香蕉地氨挥发速率的主要影响因子有施肥量、土壤pH、土壤有机质、降雨量等。在不同监测时段的主要影响因子不同。香蕉地氨挥发累积损失量和损失率随施氮量增加而增加。海南香蕉种植业施肥氨排放的氮肥损失率为1.32%,与其他作物相比,氮肥损失率较低主要原因有较低的土壤pH、较高的土壤有机质、喷灌施肥方式。海南香蕉种植一个生长周期(1年)施用化肥含氮量为23065.6 t,氨排放量为304.5 t,其中澄迈县、乐东县、昌江县氨挥发量较大,占全省氨挥发量的50.9%。[结论]为减少海南省因香蕉种植施肥带来的氨挥发,建议从少量多次施肥、改进施肥方式、尽量选择降雨期间施肥、增加土壤有机质含量等方面加强改进。

[Objective]To study the ammonia emission law and total ammonia emission after nitrogen fertilizer application in banana plantation in Hainan.[Method]Make full use of the existing agricultural statistics of Hainan Province,and conduct in-situ monitoring of ammonia emission in banana fields in Xianlai Town,Haikou City by ventilation method.[Result]The main factors affecting the rate of diamine volatilization in Hainan banana were fertilizer application amount,soil pH,soil organic matter,rainfall and so on.The main influencing factors were different in different monitoring periods.The cumulative loss and loss rate of ammonia volatilization in banana increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The nitrogen loss rate from ammonia fertilization in Hainan banana planting industry was 1.32%.Compared with other crops,the nitrogen loss rate was lower mainly due to the following three reasons:lower soil pH,higher soil organic matter,sprinkler irrigation and fertilization.In a growth cycle(1 year)of banana planting in Hainan,the nitrogen content of fertilizer was 23065.6 t and the ammonia emission was 304.5 t.Among them,the ammonia volatilization in Chengmai,Ledong and Changjiang was relatively large,accounting for 50.9%of the whole province’s ammonia volatilization.[Conclusion]In order to reduce the ammonia volatilization caused by banana planting and fertilization in Hainan Province,it is recommended to strengthen the improvement from the aspects of small and multiple fertilization,improving fertilization methods,choosing fertilization during rainfall as much as possible,and increasing soil organic matter content.