红边黄小灰蝶形态特征·发育历期及年生活史研究

Morphological Characteristics,Developmental Duration and Annual Life History of Heliophorus ila matsumurae Fruhstorfer,1908

2019—2020年在贵州省荞麦主产区的5个点对荞麦上红边黄小灰蝶的危害特征、生活史进行了调查,并在实验室不同温度条件下对其形态特征及发育历期进行了研究。结果发现,红边黄小灰蝶在矮金荞上较为常见,其次是多年生苦荞,甜荞、苦荞、米苦荞偶有发生。在贵阳的生活史从每年5月上旬至7月出现第一代,第二代发生在6月中旬至8月上旬,第三代出现在7月上旬至9月中旬,第四代出现在8月上旬至9月下旬,第五代越冬期出现在9月上旬,10月下旬蛹开始进入越冬期;在六盘水和毕节为每年6月上旬至8月上旬出现第一代,第二代发生在7月上旬至9月上旬,第三代出现在8月上旬、9月下旬蛹开始进入越冬期。在海拔1300 m左右,1年种植2季荞麦地区,1年发生4~5代;在海拔2300 m左右,1年种植1季荞麦地区,1年发生2~3代。卵、幼虫、蛹的发育时间随温度的升高而缩短,成虫寿命随着温度升高而延长,30℃为最佳发育温度,分别为2.50、14.02、8.00、29.50 d。

From 2019 to 2020,we investigated the damage characteristics and life history of Heliophorus ila matsumurae Fruhstorfer,1908 on buckwheat at five main buckwheat producing areas in Guizhou Province,and studied its morphological characteristics and developmental period at different temperatures in the laboratory.The results showed that it was more commonly found in F.megaspartanium,F.tatari-cymosum was the second,Fagopyrum esculentum,F.tataricum and F.tataricum occurred rarely.In Guiyang,the first generation appeared from early May to July,the second generation was from mid-June to early August,the third generation was from early July to mid-September,the fourth generation was from early August to late September,the fifth generation of overwintering was in early September,and the pupa began to enter the overwintering stage in late October.In Liupanshui and Bijie area,the first generation appeared from early June to early August,the second generation was from early July to early September,the third generation appeared in early August,the pupa began to overwinter in late September.In the area with an altitude of 1300 m,where two seasons of buckwheat were planted in a year,4-5 generations/year occurred,in the area with an altitude of 2300 m,where one season of buckwheat was planted in a year,2-3 generations/year occurred.The development time of egg,larva and pupa was shortened with the increase of temperature,and the adult lifespan was prolonged with the increase of temperature.The optimal development temperature was 30℃,and the development time was 2.50,14.02,8.00 and 29.50 d,respectively.