山东莱州面塑“胶东花饽饽”田野调查--以面塑“圣虫”为主要研究对象

A Field Survey of Shandong Laizhou’s dough sculpture Jiaodong Flower Cake--The main object of study is the Holy Insect dough sculpture

山东省是我国重要的经济、文化大省,面塑作为山东省民间艺术的代表,在山东省胶东地区的诸多市县多有分布。山东民间面塑,是通过对小麦面粉的手工塑形,再施加以相应的色彩,而发展起来的一项民间传统手工艺术。它体现了山东人淳朴、浑厚的性格特色和审美情趣。常见的山东面塑“胶东花饽饽”的造型,有燕子、刺猬、猪、狗、牛等乡土气息较为浓厚的动物,也有举行婚礼时常用的龙、凤、鸳鸯等寓意幸福美满带有吉祥性质的动物与神话传说神兽等,更有小孩子过百天时的“花饽饽”长命锁,也是民间喜闻乐见的面塑题材。本文以山东莱州面塑“胶东花饽饽”为主要调研对象,在深入田野调查获取第一手资料的基础上,将面塑中的“圣虫”作为具体研究个案,探究山东面塑“胶东花饽饽”的发展起源、制作工艺等方面的内容,重点分析在传统手工艺制作的“圣虫”与现代化转型期的“圣虫”间,人们对于传统民间文化的取舍,最后,从胶东花饽饽的多元价值顺序延展,进一步探究其文化价值、审美价值及教育意义。

Shandong Province is an integral part of China’s economy and culture.As a representative of Shandong Province folk art,dough sculpture is distributed in many cities and counties in the Jiaodong region of Shandong Province.Shandong dough sculpture is a traditional folk art,which is making by hand forming and dyeing.It reflects the character and aesthetic interests of native.The common shape of Shandong Dough sculpture Jiaodong Flower Cake is usually made in the shape of animals with local flavor,such as swallows,hedgehogs,pigs,dogs,cattle,etc.While the image of those mythical creatures symbolizing happiness and auspicious properties like dragons,phoenixes,mandarin ducks,can also be found in Jiaodong Flower Cake.In addition,the long-life lock for children born before 100 days ago is also one of the most popular facial sculpture themes locally.This paper takes Shandong Laizhou dough sculpture Jiaodong Flower Cake as the main research object.A specific case study focusing on the Holy Insect is developed to explore various aspects about Jiaodong Flower Cake,involving the birth,development and production technology.Through comparing the Holy Insect made by traditional and modern craftsmanship,analyzing people's choice on traditional folk culture.Finally,the diversified value of Jiaodong Flower Cake is helpful to further explore its cultural value,aesthetic value and educational significance.