夏比冲击试验方法标准现状及影响因素综述

Review of present status of Charpy impact test method standards and influence factors

针对焊接接头夏比冲击试验方法标准现状及影响因素研究进行了综述。通过各标准比对发现,美国标准对冲击试样尺寸及公差等方面的要求更为严格,试验温度范围也更为明确。已经开展的研究表明试样尺寸、摆锤锤刃半径及缺口尺寸等因素均对夏比冲击吸收能量产生重要影响。在上平台区,试样尺寸对冲击吸收能量的影响成显著线性关系,在下平台区,试样尺寸对冲击吸收能量无显著影响,在韧脆转变过渡区,影响介于二者之间。当冲击吸收能量在200 J以下,摆锤锤刃半径对冲击吸收能量的影响不大,在200 J以上时,8 mm摆锤锤刃半径会导致更高的冲击吸收能量。缺口根部半径对冲击试验结果影响最大,缺口深度影响次之,缺口角度影响较弱。伴随着双碳战略实施,极端制造需求日益迫切,现有标准难以完全满足未来焊接接头冲击韧性试验要求,焊接行业进一步开展低温及超低温、微区小尺寸、梯度材料的冲击韧性试验相关基础研究十分必要。

The current situation and influencing factors of Charpy impact test method standard for welded joints were summarized.Through comparison,it is found that the American standard has stricter requirements on the size and tolerance of impact samples,and the test temperature range is also clearer.The research that has been carried out shows that the factors such as sample size,pendulum edge radius and notch size have an important impact on the Charpy impact energy absorption.In the upper plateau region,the effect of test-piece size on the impact absorbed energy shows a significantly linear relationship,while in the lower plateau region,the test-piece size has no significant effect on the impact absorbed energy,and in the tough-brittle transition region,the effect is between the upper and lower plateau regions.When the impact absorbed energy is below 200 J,the impact absorbed energy is not significantly affected by the pendulum striking edge radius,and when the impact absorbed energy is above 200 J,the 8 mm pendulum hammer edge radius leads to a higher impact absorbed energy.The radius of the base of the notch has the greatest effect on the impact test results,the notch depth has the next greatest effect,and the notch angle has a weaker effect.With the implementation of the double-carbon strategy and the increasingly urgent demand for extreme manufacturing,the existing standards are difficult to fully meet the requirements for the impact toughness test of welded joints in the future.It is very necessary for welding industry to further carry out fundamental researches related to low temperature and ultra-low temperature,micro area and small size and impact toughness test of gradient materials.