“诗有题而诗亡”考辩

Textual Research on"Poetry Dies When Poetry Has a Title"

王国维在《人间词话》刊稿五十五则写“诗有题而诗亡,词有题而词亡”,此语是有些偏颇绝对的,但仔细思量之下,王氏此言依然有许多值得探究之处。仅仅就“诗有题而诗亡”而论,“诗有题”者,诗自何时“有题”,古人何时开始产生自主制题之意识,诗之有题又何以意味着“诗亡”等问题都有待于进一步思索。本文拟通过对诗题发展史进行考证,探索中国古代推崇“诗无题”论的批评家潜在的审美倾向,以及王国维“诗无题”视角中更深层次的美学内涵。

Wang Guowei wrote in the fifty fifth edition of Poetic Remarks on the Human World that"Poetry dies when it has a title,and a Ci poem dies when it has a title".With careful consideration,the somewhat biased and absolute statement has much worth exploring.As far as"Poetry dies when has a title",questions arise-when did poetry"has a title",when did the ancients begin to have the consciousness of independent title,and why did"poetry dies when it has a title",which need to be further considered.This paper intends to explore the potential aesthetic tendency of critics who advocated the theory of"Untitled poetry"in ancient China and the deeper aesthetic connotation in Wang Guowei's perspective of"Untitled poetry".