3Arbaugh, J. B. , Cleveland-Innes, M. , Diaz, S. R. , Garrison, D. R. , Ice, P. , Richardson, J. C. , & Swan, K. P. (2008). Developing a community of inquiry instrument : Testing a measure of the community of inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample [J]. The Internet and Higher Education, 11 (3-4) :133-136.
4Anderen, T. , Rourke, L. , Garrison, D. R. , & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing teaching presence in a computer conference environ- ment [J]. Journal of asynchronous learning networks, 5(2) :1-17.
5Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2008). The development of a community of inquiry over time in an online course: Understanding the progression and integration of social, cognitive and teaching presence[J]. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12(3-4) :3-22.
6Archibald, D. ( 2010 ). Fostering the development of cognitive presence: Initial findings using the community of inquiry survey instru- ment [J]. Interact & Higher Education,13(1-2) :73-74.
7Bluneh,N. J. (2010). Introduction to structural equation mod- elling using SPSS and AMOS [J]. British Journal of Psychology, 34 (3) : 211-213.
8Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Criti- cal thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education [J]. American Journal of Distance Education, 15 (1) : 7-23.
9Garrison, D. R. , Anderson, T. , & Archer, W. ( 2000 ). Critical inquiry in a text-based environment : Computer conferencing in higher ed- ucation [J]. Internet & Higher Education, 2 ( s 2-3 ) : 87-105.
10Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Fung, T. S. (2010). Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: Student perceptions of the community of inquiry frame- work [J]. The Intemet and Higher Education ( 13 ) :31-36.