线粒体代谢物转运及其在微生物细胞工厂应用中的研究进展

Research Progress in Mitochondrial Metabolite Transport and Its Application in Microbial Cell Factories

线粒体是柠檬酸循环、乙醛酸循环和呼吸链反应发生的重要场所,是真核生物不可缺少的细胞器之一。线粒体与细胞质间的物质交换直接影响着细胞的分解和合成代谢,然而线粒体内膜具有高度选择性和不可透性,因此物质交换需要通过线粒体膜上的底物通道或者载体蛋白协助。作者归纳了在线粒体与细胞质和其他细胞器之间的代谢物交换中的线粒体载体蛋白和代谢物底物通道,包括碳代谢物线粒体载体蛋白、NAD(P)H和NAD(P)^(+)代谢物线粒体底物通道、辅因子载体蛋白、氨基酸载体蛋白和其他一些已鉴定的线粒体载体和底物通道,同时总结了目前线粒体膜载体蛋白工程在微生物代谢改造中的应用,阐明代谢物跨细胞器膜转运机制,将为线粒体载体蛋白工程在设计新的代谢途径、重塑细胞内代谢网络中铺平道路,加深对细胞内代谢的理解,有利于更好地设计微生物细胞工厂。

Mitochondria are important places where citric acid cycle,glyoxylate cycle and respiratory chain reactions occur,and they also the indispensable organelles of eukaryotes.The exchange of substances between mitochondria and cytoplasm directly affects the catabolism and anabolism of cells,while the inner mitochondrial membrane is highly selective and impermeable.Therefore,the exchange of substances needs to be assisted by substrate channels or carrier proteins on the mitochondrial membrane.This review summarizes the mitochondrial carrier and metabolic substrate channels in the exchange of metabolites between mitochondria and cytoplasm and other organelles,including carbon metabolites mitochondrial carrier proteins,NAD(P)H and NAD(P)^(+)metabolites mitochondrial substrates channel,cofactor carrier protein,amino acid carrier protein,and several other mitochondrial carrier and substrate channels that have been identified.At the same time,the application of mitochondrial membrane carrier protein engineering in microbial metabolic transformation is summarized as well.In addition,the elucidation of metabolite transport mechanisms across organelle membranes in this review will pave the way for mitochondrial carrier protein engineering in designing new metabolic pathways and remodeling intracellular metabolic networks,which deepens our understanding of intracellular metabolism and makes us better design the microbial cell factories.