生育补贴政策体系探析:政策变迁、国际经验与完善建议

Analysis of Maternity Subsidy Policy Systerm:Policy Changes,International Experiences and Futher Suggestions

全面三孩时代的来临迫切需要配套措施的跟进。生育补贴被发达国家证明是一种行之有效的公共政策。新中国成立以来,我国的生育政策经历由宽松到收紧再到逐步放松的过程,在此期间生育补贴的对象由多胎到一孩再到多孩,体现了党和政府随着社会发展的具体形态而进行的适应性调整。当前我国的生育补贴政策相对零散,尚未形成完整的体系,对于生育激励的作用机制还有待完善。建议构建系统的生育补贴制度,提高生育补贴的法律位阶;构建多元生育补贴融资机制,强化政府的财政支出责任,以期降低家庭生育成本,提高个人生育意愿,实现人口的长期均衡发展。

The advent of universal three-child era urgently requires the follow-up of supporting measures.Maternity subsidy has been proved to be an effective public policy in developed countries.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s fertility policy has undergone a process from relaxation to tightening and then to gradual relaxation.During this period,the object of maternity subsidy has changed from multiple children to one child and then to multiple children,which reflects the adaptability adjustment made by the Party and the government with the specific form of social development.At present,China’s maternity subsidy policy is relatively scattered and has not formed a complete system,and the mechanism of fertility incentive needs to be improved.In order to decrease the cost of family planning,improve personal fertility intentions,and realize the population long-term balanced development,on the one hand,systematic subsidy system should be builded and the legal status of birth subsidies should be improved.On the other hand,a diversified financing mechanism for maternity subsidies should be established and the government’s responsibility for fiscal expenditure should be strengthened.