播期和密度对酿酒高粱生长发育、主要农艺性状和产量的影响

Effects of Sowing Date and Density on the Growth,Main Agronomic Characters and Yield of Winemaking Sorghum

为明确不同播期和密度下对高粱生育期、主要农艺性状及产量的影响,以川南地区主推的酿酒高粱品种‘宜糯红4号’为材料,采用裂区设计,设置6个播期和4个密度,研究了2个因素对高粱生育期、主要农艺性状、产量及其构成要素的影响,并分析了其与气象因子的关系。结果表明:随着播期的推迟,生育期显著缩短,密度间差异不显著。日均温和日均日照成为影响生育期的重要气象因子,且与其呈显著负相关。在高粱主要生育阶段中,播抽期在全生育期中占比最大,且随着播期的推迟,呈显著下降趋势。播期和密度对高粱主要农艺性状影响显著,播期推迟,株高、穗长和茎粗减小,穗柄长度增加;密度增大,株高和穗柄长度增加,穗长变短。播期推迟,籽粒产量呈短暂上升后下降的趋势。籽粒产量与穗长、穗粒质量和穗粒数呈极显著正相关。籽粒产量与其构成要素的相关性表现为:穗粒数>穗粒质量>穗长>千粒质量,表明穗粒数对高粱籽粒产量的影响最大。适期早播可以提高生育期天数,获得有效的光热资源和干物质积累空间,从而获得高产。结合当地气候条件下,酿酒高粱新品种‘宜糯红4号’在3月20日左右播种,按照种植密度9.75万~10.50万株·hm^(-2),可获得最高产量为5296.6 kg·hm^(-2)。

In order to determine the effect of sowing date and density on the whole season,main agronomic characters and yield,this study conducted the two-factor split zone design,which was adopted,and six sowing dates and four densities,and took'Yinuohong 4'as experimental material.The effects of agronomic characters,yield components,and analyze their correlated with meteorological factors.The results showed that,with the postponement of the sowing date,the growth period was significantly shortened,and the densities no significant.The average temperature and sunshine hours had become the main meteorological factors affecting the growth period,and there was significantly negatively correlated with them.In the main growth stages of sorghum,the sowing date accounts for the largest proportion in the whole season,and as the sowing date was postponed,it showed a significant downward trend.The sowing date and density had a significant impact on the main agronomic characteristics of sorghum.Sowing date was delayed,plantheight,ear length and stem thickness decreased,and ear stalk length increased;density increased,plant height and ear stalk length increased,and ear length becomed shorter.As the sowing date continues to be postponed,the output of the grain yield briefly and then declines.Grain yield was significantly extremely correlated with panicle length,grain weight per panicle and number of grains per panicle.The correlation between grain yield and its components was number of grains per panicle>grain weight per panicle>panicle length>1000-grain weight,It indicated that the number of grains per panicle had the greatest impact on sorghum grain yield.Early sowing at the right time can increase the number of days in the growth period,obtain effective light and heat resources and dry matter accumulation space,and thus obtain high yields.Taked into account the local climate conditions,the new brewing sorghum variety'Yinuohong 4'is sown around March 20.According to the planting density of 9.75-10.50 ten-thousand plants·ha^(-1),it is the maximum output that can be obtained is 5296.6 kg·ha^(-1).