广东省汕尾地区6~19岁学生龋病流行情况调查分析

Prevalence of dental caries in 6-19 years old students in Shanwei,Guangdong Province

目的调查广东省汕尾地区6~19岁在校学生的患龋率、龋均及龋失补构成比,为汕尾地区龋病预防工作提供基础资料。方法采用多阶段整群抽样的方法,汕尾城区共纳入7所学校(2所小学、2所初中、2所高中、1所职高),海丰县共纳入5所学校(2所小学,2所初中,1所高中);2021年10月10日至10月16日,共对5110名6~19岁在校学生(男生2620人,女生2470人)进行龋病检查及统计分析。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验和单因素方差分析。结果6~9岁组乳牙患龋率高达88.54%,龋均为(4.79±3.47),且男女之间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。6~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁及16~19岁组恒牙患龋率分别为10.13%、41.41%、61.56%和65.98%,龋均分别为(0.16±0.55)、(0.85±1.30)、(1.77±2.16)和(2.29±2.24);由此可见,恒牙患龋率及龋均随着年龄增长而显著升高;各年龄组女生患龋率及龋均均显著高于男生(均P<0.05)。6~9岁及10~12岁组乳牙龋的充填构成比极低,仅为1.22%和2.76%。6~9岁、10~12岁、13~15岁及16~19岁组恒牙龋的充填构成比分别为18.03%、29.90%、38.01%和47.86%,提示恒牙龋的充填构成比随年龄的增加而增加。结论汕尾地区6~12岁学生乳牙及6~19岁学生恒牙患龋率和龋均较高,而充填构成比较低,需增加该地口腔卫生公共资源,采取合理有效防治措施,降低学生患龋率。

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of dental caries,DMFT,and proportion of decay missing filling in 6-19 years old students in Shanwei,Guangdong Province,and to provide basic data for caries prevention in Shanwei.Methods Using Multistage cluster sampling method,5110 students who were 6-19 years old were included from 2 primary schools,2 middle schools,2 high schools,and 1 vocational high school at urban area in Shanwei and 2 primary schools,2 middle schools,1 high school at Haifeng District,including 2620 boys and 2470 girls,and were detected for caries from October 10 to 16,2021 and were statistically analyzed.t test,χ^(2) test,and one-way ANOVA were applied.Results The caries rate of deciduous teeth was 88.54%and the DMFT was(4.79±3.47)in the 6-9 years old group,and there were no statistical differences between the boys and the girls(both P>0.05).The caries rates of permanent teeth in the 6-9 years old group,the 10-12 years old group,13-15 years old group,and 16-19 years old group were 10.13%,41.41%,61.56%,and 65.98%,respectively,and the DFMT's were(0.16±0.55),(0.85±1.30),(1.77±2.16),and(2.29±2.24),respectively,indicating that the caries rate of permanent teeth and DFMT increased with age;the prevalence rates and DFMT's were significantly higher in the girls than in the boys in all the groups(all P<0.05).The filling rates of deciduous teeth in the 6-9 years old group and the 10-12 years old group were 1.22%and 2.76%.The filling proportions of permanent teeth in the 6-9 years old group,the 10-12 years old group,13-15 years old group,and 16-19 years old group were 18.03%,29.90%,38.01%,and 47.86%,respectively,indicating that the filling proportion of permanent teeth increased with age.Conclusion The caries rate and DMFT of deciduous teeth in 6-12 year old students and those of permanent teeth in 6-19 year old students in Shanwei are relatively high,but the filling proportion is relatively low,so it is necessary to increase the public resources of oral health in this area and take reasonable and effective prevention and control measures to reduce the prevalence of dental caries in students.