中国铁路客站建筑发展演变进程概略

A Brief Overview of the Evolution of the Development of China Railway Station Architecture

铁路客站是铁路发展的产物,也是城市的一种重要公共建筑类型,密切关联铁路的发展,同时也受到建筑思潮等文化、经济、技术、社会发展背景的影响。我国的铁路客站发展在整个世界铁路发展的历程中,起步较晚且前期发展缓慢,但经历过一百多年的风雨历程之后,当代我国的铁路客站建设,无论是在设计理念还是建筑技术等方面在世界范围内都处于先进的地位,这背后是我国社会深刻变革的结果。文章以铁路发展为时间线索,综合不同历史时期的社会文化等背景分析,将我国的铁路客站建设分为五个历史时期,通过对不同历史时期典型客站群体的功能、形态等特征分析,来呈现我国铁路客站建筑的发展演进历程。

The railway passenger station is the product of railway development,and it is also an important public building type in the city.It is closely related to the development of railway and is also influenced by the cultural,economic,technological,and social development backgrounds such as architectural trends.The development of railway passenger stations in China started late and developed slowly in the course of the whole world railroad development,but after more than a hundred years of stormy course,the contemporary construction of railroad passenger stations in China is in an advanced position in the world,both in terms of design concept and construction technology,which is the result of profound social changes in China.The paper takes railway development as a time clue and integrates the social and cultural background analysis of different historical periods,divides Chinese railway passenger station construction into five historical periods,and presents the development evolution of Chinese railway passenger station architecture by analyzing the functions,forms and other characteristics of typical passenger station groups in different historical periods.