《竹眠词》中的“愁”意象及其书写特色辨析

Analysis on the image of “Chou” and its writing characteristics in Zhumian Ci

“愁”字在黄景仁的《竹眠词》中共出现74次,单字出现频率之高在整个中国古代词坛上罕有匹敌。情感世界里的流浪,现实世界中的漂泊,对家人尤其是母亲的愧疚,科举之路的阻塞,初恋的遗憾和相思之苦,种种因由共同构成了《竹眠词》中愁的世界。黄景仁以其独立的姿态屹立于清代词坛:强烈的自我色彩,特殊的冷色调物象选择,不傍门户、博取各家,用“愁词”写出了一个才华横溢、命途多舛的封建文人的真实生存状态,以及痛苦不幸的生命体验,同时展示了他情感世界里的创伤与无奈。

The word“Chou”has appeared 74 times in Huang Jingren’s Zhumian Ci. The frequency of single words is rarely comparable in the whole ancient Chinese Ci world. The wandering in the emotional world,the roving in the real world,the guilt towards the family especially to the mother,the obstruction of the imperial examination,the regret of first love and the pain of lovesick,all these reasons together constitute the world of sorrow in Zhumian Ci. Huang Jingren stood tall in the Ci community of the Qing Dynasty with its independent attitude:strong characteristics of personage,special cold color image selection and free from fawning upon the rich and powerful persons to win the support from various schools. He used“Chou Ci”to write the real living state of a talented and ill-fated feudal literati,as well as the painful and unlucky life experience and showed the trauma and helplessness in his emotional world.