围填海对海洋生态系统服务功能价值的损失评估——以烟台芝罘湾为例

Loss Appraisal on Coastal Reclamation to Marine Ecosystem Service Function Value:A case study in Zhifu Bay of Yantai City

围填海会对海洋生态环境产生负面影响,并导致海洋生态系统服务功能损失,开展围填海海洋生态系统服务功能价值评估对于海域资源的节约集约利用和可持续发展具有重要作用。文章基于烟台芝罘湾海域生态系统服务特点,采用功能价值法,构建并优化涵盖供给、调节、支持和文化4项服务功能的近海生态系统服务功能指标体系和价值评估模型,选择烟台芝罘湾作为研究区域,评估围填海对海洋生态系统服务功能造成的损失并量化其价值。研究发现,近40年来芝罘湾围填海造成的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失为2953.21万元/a(基于2017年统计数据),单位面积价值损失为3.72万元/(hm^(2)·a)。其中,供给服务的价值损失贡献最大,占总价值损失的56.95%;其次是文化服务价值,占27.28%;支持功能和调节功能价值损失相对较小,分别占8.10%和7.67%。芝罘湾丰富的渔业资源和发达的旅游业是造成供给服务和文化服务价值损失占比较高的主要因素。评估结果可为芝罘湾围填海生态恢复补偿提供依据,有助于提高海湾空间资源的利用效率,为海洋自然资源合理开发利用提供科学支撑。

Coastal reclamation has negative impacts on the marine eco-environment and leads to the loss of marine ecosystem services,and it is very important to evaluate the value of marine ecosystem services for the intensive and economical utilization of marine resources and the sustainable development.Based on the characteristics of ecosystem services of Zhifu Bay(ZFB)of Yantai in Shandong Province,a functional value method was adopted,and four ecosystem service indicators were selected,including provisioning service,regulating service,supporting service and cultural service to establish an evaluation model.The evaluation model of the coastal ecosystem services was optimized,and the value loss of marine ecosystem services caused by coastal reclamation in the ZFB was evaluated.The results showed that the total loss of marine ecosystem service value caused by the coastal reclamation of the ZFB for 40 years was 2.95×10^(7) yuan/a,with unit area 3.72×10~4 yuan/(hm^(2)··a),of which the annual loss of provisioning service was the largest,accounting for 56.95%of the total loss,followed by the cultural service,the supporting service and the regulating service,accounting for 27.28%,8.10%and 7.67%,respectively.The rich fishery resources and developed tourism in the ZFB were the main factors that caused the high value loss of provisioning service and cultural service.The evaluation of marine ecosystem services in the present study would provide the scientific basis for ecological compensation of reclamation in the ZFB,and contribute to improving the utilization efficiency of marine space resource.It would also provide scientific support for the rational development and utilization of marine natural resources.