生物炭配施对芳樟精油产量及品质的影响

Effects of biochar application on the yield and quality of Cinnamomum camphora essential oil

【目的】研究生物炭和传统氮磷钾肥料的配施对芳樟油用林的精油产量和品质的影响,探究其对芳樟生物量、得油率、芳樟醇含量、土壤肥力的促进效果。【方法】以2年生芳樟MD1油用林为试验对象,采用L9(34)正交施肥试验,按照实验方法测定9个处理组和1个CK组的各项指标,各组数据进行显著性和极差分析。【结果】生物炭配施能显著提高芳樟的地下、地上生物量,提升最大的是处理8,总生物量达到了2918.10 g/株,是对照组(1679.43 g/株)的1.74倍;得油率和芳樟醇的含量随时间的变化呈先升高后降低的趋势,9月达到最高值,且叶部得油率极显著大于枝部。各个处理组的枝、叶得油率和芳樟醇含量以及土壤化学性质较CK也都得到了不同程度的提升:其中生物炭配施量为34 g/株的处理3、处理1的叶、枝得油率最高,分别达3.05%、0.57%;配施136 g/株的处理8、处理7的叶、枝芳樟醇含量最高,分别达90.7%、85.8%;处理8的得油率虽然不是最高的,但地上生物量达11583.78 kg/hm^(2)(以样地密度种植),精油和芳樟醇产量也最高,达到了149.59 kg/hm^(2)和133.75 kg/hm^(2),分别是CK组的1.84倍和1.93倍,显著高于其他处理组。处理8土壤中全钾、速效钾、碱解氮和有机质含量均最高,分别达到了8.21 g/kg、94.30 mg/kg、34.11 mg/kg和10.20 g/kg。【结论】生物炭是各项指标中影响最大的因素,且生物炭配施能显著提高芳樟林精油的产量和品质,对土壤的化学性质也有较好的提升,在本试验中处理8是提升各项指标和经济效益的最佳配施方案。

【Objective】The aim of this work was to study the effects of the combined application of biochar and traditional nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of essential oil in Cinnamomum camphora oil forests,and their promoting effects on Cinnamomum camphora biomass,oil yield,linalool content and soil fertility.【Method】Taking the 2-year-old Cinnamomum camphora MD1 oil forest as the experimental object,the L9(34)orthogonal fertilization test was used to determine the indexes of 9 treatment groups and 1 CK group,and the significance and range were analyzed.【Result】The combined application of biochar could significantly increase the underground and aboveground biomass of Cinnamomum camphora.The largest increase was in treatment 8,and the total biomass reached 2918.10 g/plant,which was 1.74 times that of the control group(1679.43 g/plant).The oil yield and linalool content increased first and then decreased with time,the highest value reached in September,and the oil yield of leaves was significantly higher than that of branches.The oil yield of branches and leaves,linalool content and soil chemical properties of each treatment group were also improved to varying degrees compared with CK:the oil yield of leaves and branches of treatment 3 and treatment 1 with the combined application of biochar of 34 g/plant was the highest,up to 3.05 and 0.57%respectively.The linalool contents in leaves and branches of treatment 8 and 7 with 136 g/plant biochar were the highest,up to 90.7%and 85.8%respectively;Although the oil yield of treatment 8 was not the highest,its aboveground biomass yield was 11583.78 kg/hm^(2)(planted with the sample plot density),and the yield of essential oil and linalool was the highest,reaching 149.59 kg/hm^(2) and 133.75 kg/hm^(2),which were 1.84 times and 1.93 times higher than those of the CK group,respectively.The contents of total potassium,available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and organic matter in treatment 8 were the highest,reaching 8.21 g/kg,94.30 mg/kg,34.11 mg/kg and 10.20 g/kg respectively.【Conclusion】Biochar is the biggest influencing factor for various indexes,and the combined application of biochar can significantly improve the yield and quality of essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora forests and improve the chemical properties of soil.In this experiment,treatment 8 is the best combined application scheme to improve various indexes and economic benefits.