赛博朋克科幻的界定:基于小说时间、作家、作品范围的初步考察

Positioning Cyberpunk Science Fiction:A Tentative Survey Based on Ranges of Periods,Authors,and Works

赛博朋克科幻主要表现为科技叙事与底层书写的张力结合。本文立足美国的赛博朋克科幻小说,基于其主题和风格特征,从时间、作家和作品三个维度尝试界定赛博朋克科幻,认为就时间维度而言,赛博朋克是一个以20世纪80年代为轴心的百年科幻连续体;就作家维度而言,是核心作家(吉布森、斯特林、拉克、谢纳、雪利和卡迪根)与相关作家构成的作家群;就作品维度而言,是核心作品和外围作品构成的作品汇聚。三个维度均有广义和狭义之分,彰显了赛博朋克科幻的多面性,折射出20世纪复杂的文化变迁,是颇为值得关注的一个领域,而轴心时期的核心作家作品,是赛博朋克科幻研究的首选文本。

Cyberpunk science fiction is mainly a hybridity of sci-tec narrative and understratum writing.Based on the themes and styles of the US cyberpunk fiction,this paper offers a tentative definition of this subgenre in terms of three ranges:periods,authors,and works.It holds that cyberpunk science fiction,with the 1980s as its axis,involves a continuum ff a century-old SF tradition.It is a group ff core authors(William Gibson,Bruce Sterling,Rudy Rucker,Lewis Shiner,John Shirley,and Pat Cadigan)and related authors,t is thus a collection ff core works by core authors and peripheral works by related authors.Each of the three dimensions presents a cyberpunk fiction either in the narrow sense or in the broad sense,making a multi-faceted cyberpunk world which represents the complex cultural changes in the 20 th century.Cyberpunk is therefore a genre worthy of further attention,and the core authors and their works in the 1980s are the first-choice to enter the field of cyberpunk studies.