时代镜像的历史折射——秦琼形象的文学演绎及其意义

The Historical Refraction of Mirror Image of the Times:The Literary Evolution of Qin Qiong’s Image and Its Significance

明清的讲史小说序列中,秦琼形象的塑造是一个独特而又有意义的存在。两《唐书》中,他虽勇武可嘉,但地位与表现并不突出,而至明代的讲史小说书写中,他逐渐完成由乱世骁勇向开国儒将的形象转变。清初的《隋史遗文》并未沿着此惯有路径,将秦琼塑造成关羽式的忠义双全典型,而是着眼于渲染其失路草泽的坎壈与悲情,其自身所承载的道德诉求也出现了由“忠”向“义”的重心转移。秦琼形象的文学演绎,呈现出更多的时代气息与个体心声,标志着历史演义小说进入一个新的发展阶段,从而与近现代的新历史小说存在着某种潜在的相通之处。

In the sequence of historical novels in the Ming and Qing dynasties,the shaping of Qin Qiong’s image is a unique and meaningful existence.In the two Tang Shu,in spite of his bravery worthy of admiration,his status and performance are not outstanding;it was not until in the writing of historical novels in the Ming dynasty did he gradually complete the image transformation from a chaotic and courageous warrior to a founding Confucian general.Sui Shi Yi Wen in the early Qing dynasty did not follow this customary path,i.e.portraying Qin Qiong as a Guan Yu-style model of loyalty and integrity,but focused on exaggerating the sadness of his lost path.His own moral appeals have also shifted from “loyalty” to “righteousness”.The literary interpretation of Qin Qiong’s image presents more flavors of the times and individual voices,marking that historical romance novels have entered a new stage of development,so there is some hidden similarity with modern new historical novels.