长期住院精神患者口腔健康状况评估及相关对策研讨

Evaluation of Oral Health Status of Mental Patients in Long-Term Hospital and Formulation of Relevant Countermeasures

目的:评估长期住院精神疾病患者的口腔健康状况并制定相关对策。方法:2021年7月—2021年12月对本院长期住院的320例精神疾病患者进行调查,包括一般资料、口腔健康状况、病情、饮食习惯等,并根据调查结果制定口腔健康相关护理措施。结果:320例患者中59.38%为男性,61.56%的年龄>50岁,67.19%的病程>20年,77.81%的住院时长>5年,77.50%的未婚,25.00%的合并轻度贫血,52.19%的合并三高;77.81%的牙齿非完好,主要表现为牙齿缺失和龋齿,男性牙齿黄渍、黑渍、黄垢问题多于女性;55.63%的咀嚼功能下降或丧失;PANSS阴性症状208例,阳性症状112例,PANSS总分(44.51±7.67)分,阳性症状评分(10.62±2.73)分,阴性症状评分(14.51±3.39)分,一般病理评分(20.74±5.49)分。与完好组相比,非完好组的年龄更大,病程更长,合并躯体疾病率更高,饮食喜甜和少甜率更高,有刷牙习惯率更低,且两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:长期住院精神疾病患者年龄大,病程及住院时间长,以阴性症状为主,大多存在牙齿缺失、龋齿等口腔健康问题,临床需重视该类患者的口腔健康问题,通过针对性护理,加强口腔健康宣教,监督患者养成良好口腔卫生习惯等,改善患者的口腔健康。

Objective:To evaluate the oral health status of long-term hospitalized patients with mental diseases and formulate relevant countermeasures.Methods:from July 2021 to December 2021,320 patients with mental diseases hospitalized in our hospital for a long time were investigated,including general information,oral health status,condition,eating habits,etc.,and oral health-related nursing measures were formulated according to the survey results.Results:among the 320 patients,59.38%were male,61.56%were over 50 years old,67.19%had disease course>20 years,77.81%had hospital stay>5 years,77.50%were unmarried,25.00%had mild anemia,52.19%had triple hyperemia.77.81%of teeth were not in good condition,mainly showing tooth loss and caries.Male teeth had more yellow stains,black stains and yellow stains than female teeth.The chewing function of 55.63%decreased or lost;The total score of PANSS was(44.51±7.67)points,positive symptom score was(10.62±2.73)points,negative symptom score was(14.51±3.39)points,general pathological score was(20.74±5.49)points.Compared with the intact group,the non-intact group was older,had a longer course of disease,had a higher rate of body diseases,had a higher rate of sweet and sweet diet,and had a lower rate of brushing habit,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:long-term hospitalized patients with mental diseases are older,have a long course of disease and hospitalization time,and mainly have negative symptoms.Most of them have oral health problems such as tooth loss and dental caries.Clinically,we should pay attention to the oral health problems of these patients,strengthen oral health education through targeted nursing,supervise patients to develop good oral health habits,and improve their oral health.