无人船舶的国际法规制:概念认定、规范释义及路径选择

International Legal Regulation of Unmanned Ships:Concept Identification,Normative Interpretation and Path Selection

“无人船舶”的兴起离不开信息技术革命和人工智能的发展,在给国际航运带来安全、效率和可持续性发展的同时,也引起了国际社会对“无人船舶”的运营和监管是否符合国际法的关注。“无人船舶”是否属于国际法中的“船舶”,是判定国际法能否适用于“无人船舶”的前提。该前提得到满足后,接下来需要初步审查国际法哪些条款适用于“无人船舶”,哪些条款不适用于“无人船舶”。然后,再根据审查结果采取澄清、解释、修正或立法等不同方式来解决“无人船舶”与国际法之间的法律不适或法律冲突。中国作为世界船舶大国之一,应当重视国际法对“无人船舶”的调整和规制,积极参与国际立法议程,贡献中国力量和中国智慧。

The rise of“unmanned ships”can not be separated from the revolution of information technology and the development of artificial intelligence.While bringing safety,efficiency and sustainable development to international shipping,it also has attracted the attention of the international community to whether the operation and supervision of“unmanned ships”are in accordance with international law.Whether“unmanned ships”falls within the category of“ships”in international law is the prerequisite for determining whether the international law can be applied to“unmanned ships”.When the prerequisite is met,it is necessary to preliminarily review which provisions of the international law are applicable to“unmanned ships”and which provisions are not applicable.Then,according to the results of the review,different methods such as clarification,interpretation,amendment,or legislation are adopted to resolve legal incompatibility or legal conflicts between“unmanned ships”and international law.It is true that China,as one of the world s shipping powers,should attach importance to the adjustment and regulation of“unmanned ships”in international law,actively participate in the international legislative agenda,and contribute China s strength and wisdom.