生物炭与木本泥炭对干旱区骏枣园土壤化学性质及酶活性的影响

Effects of biochar and woody peat on soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities in Jun jujube orchard in arid area

【目的】为改善枣园土壤环境和因地制宜合理施肥提供参考。【方法】在干旱区骏枣园,采用完全随机设计,使用生物炭与木本泥炭配施有机肥进行大田试验,生物炭用量分别为0、5、10、20、40 t/hm^(2),木本泥炭用量分别为0、5、10、20、30 t/hm^(2)。施肥1 a后,环绕枣树施肥坑,采集0~20 cm土层的土壤样品,测定土壤化学性质指标及土壤酶活性,并进行主成分分析。【结果】生物炭与木本泥炭可以起到改善土壤化学性质和提高土壤酶活性的作用,但不同用量的生物炭与木本泥炭的作用效果不同。土壤养分含量随生物炭施用量的增加总体上呈现先增加、后降低的趋势,随木本泥炭用量的增加呈现先增加、后降低、再增加的趋势。随生物炭施用量的增加,除过氧化氢酶活性不断增加外,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性总体上表现出逐渐降低的趋势;随着木本泥炭施用量的增加,除过氧化氢酶活性呈现先增加、后降低的趋势外,其他3种土壤酶活性总体上表现出先降低、后增加的趋势。主成分分析结果显示,脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、速效磷含量和有机质含量是反映生物炭与木本泥炭作用效果的主要指标。土壤酶活性与土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量的关系密切。【结论】施用5 t/hm^(2)生物炭改善土壤化学性质及提高土壤酶活性的综合表现最优。基于成本考虑,在实际应用中,建议施用生物炭和低量的木本泥炭。

【Objective】It provided a reference for improving the soil environment of jujube garden and rational fertilization according to local conditions.【Method】In Jun jujube orchard in arid area,a completely randomized design was used to conduct field experiments using biochar and woody peat combined with organic fertilizer.The amount of peat was 0,5,10,20,30 t/hm^(2),respectively.In one year after fertilization,and soil samples at 0-20 cm soil layer around the fertilization pit were collected to determine soil chemical properties and soil enzyme activities,and the principal component analysis was conduct.【Result】Biochar and woody peat could improve soil chemical properties and enhance soil enzyme activities,but different dosages of biochar and woody peat had different effects.The soil nutrients content generally increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of biochar application rate,and increased firstly,then decreased and then increased with the increase of woody peat amount.With the increase of biochar application rate,the activities of soil urease,alkaline phosphatase and invertase showed a decreasing trend,except for the continuous increase of catalase activity.The catalase activity showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,while the other three soil enzyme activities showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The principal component analysis showed that urease,invertase,available phosphorus and organic matter were the main indicators reflecting the effect of biochar and woody peat.Soil enzyme activity was closely related to soil organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content.【Conclusion】The application of 5 t/hm^(2) biochar has the best comprehensive performance in improving soil chemical properties and enhancing soil enzyme activities.Based on cost considerations,in practical applications,the application of biochar and low amounts of woody peat is recommended.