宁夏灌区3个主栽苹果品种品质评价

Quality evaluation of three main apple varieties planted in Ningxia irrigation area

【目的】评价宁夏不同小产区不同品种苹果的品质优劣,为充分利用开发气候资源,优化苹果区域化布局提供参考。【方法】本研究选取宁夏回族自治区引黄灌区4个小产区主栽苹果品种,早熟品种‘红嘎啦’、中熟品种‘黄元帅’和晚熟品种‘富士’,检测苹果外观品质(单果质量、果实偏斜度、果形指数和去皮硬度)和内在品质(pH、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、固酸比和维生素C含量)。采用方差分析和相关性分析,结合主成分分析方法,评价不同产区同一品种苹果果实的品质。【结果】不同品种苹果品质指标间均存在显著性差异,其中果实偏斜度差异最大(变异系数为35.66%);各品质指标间存在独立性和一定程度的相关性;主成分分析提取3个主成分因子,累积贡献率达74.927%,说明这3个主成分能够反映果实的基本品质性状。不同产区3个品种苹果综合品质,排名第1~3名的均为晚熟品种‘富士’,品质评价表现好的产区依次为吴忠、青铜峡和银川产区;早熟品种‘红嘎啦’表现最好的产区为青铜峡,综合排名第5;中熟品种‘黄元帅’表现最好的产区为青铜峡,综合排名仅为第6名。【结论】单果质量、果实偏斜度、可溶性固形物、pH值、糖、酸和维生素C含量是综合评价苹果品质的主要性状指标;晚熟的‘富士’品质优于中熟的‘黄元帅’和早熟的‘红嘎啦’,吴忠、青铜峡和银川产区更适宜栽培‘富士’苹果,‘红嘎啦’和‘黄元帅’最适宜在青铜峡产区种植。

【Objective】To evaluate the quality advantages and disadvantages of different varieties of apples in different small production areas of Ningxia,and to provide reference for fully exploiting climatic resources and optimizing the regionalized layout of apples.【Method】The main apple varieties including the early-ripening variety‘Red Gala’,the medium-ripening variety‘Golden delicious’and the late-ripening variety‘Fuji’,were selected from four small production areas in the Yellow Irrigation Zone of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and the apple appearance quality(single fruit mass,deflection index of fruit shape,fruit shape index,and fruit firmness)and intrinsic quality(pH,total soluble solid,soluble sugar,titratable acid,ratio of sugar to acid,ratio of soluble solid to acid and vitamin C content)were tested.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)and correlation analysis were used,combined with principal component analysis,to evaluate the quality of apple fruit of the same variety in different production areas.【Result】The results showed that there were significant differences among apple quality indexes of different varieties,with the largest difference in deflection index of fruit shape(coefficient of variation of 35.66%).There was independence and a certain degree of correlation among the quality indicators.The principal component analysis extracted three principal component factors with a cumulative contribution of 74.927%,indicating that these three principal components could reflect the basic quality traits of the fruit.Combined quality of apples of 3 varieties from different production areas,the 1st to 3rd ranked were all late maturing varieties‘Fuji’,the appellations with good performance in quality evaluation were Wuzhong,Qing Tongxia and Yinchuan in that order.The best performing appellation for early maturing variety‘Red Gala’was Qing Tongxia,ranking 5th overall.The best performing appellation for the medium-ripening variety‘Golden delicious’was Qing Tongxia,with an overall ranking of only 6th.【Conclusion】The single fruit mass,deflection index of fruit shape,total soluble solid,pH,sugar,acid and vitamin C content are the main trait indicators for comprehensive evaluation of apple quality.The late maturing‘Fuji’has better quality than medium maturing‘Golden delicious’and early maturing‘Red Gala’.Wuzhong,Qing Tongxia and Yinchuan production areas are more suitable for cultivation of‘Fuji’apples,while‘Red Gala’and‘Golden delicious’are best suited for planting in the Qing Tongxia production area.