南京玄武湖鸟类多样性及空间分布

Avian diversity and spatial distribution of Xuanwu Lake in Nanjing

鸟类是城市生物多样性的重要组成部分,发挥着重要的生态系统服务功能。为研究玄武湖公园的鸟类群落结构、多样性及其空间分布特征,于2021年4—12月采用固定样线法开展鸟类调查。调查共记录到鸟类49种,隶属于13目30科。通过分析鸟类群落组成状况,探讨生境对鸟类多样性及其空间分布的影响,发现玄武湖整体多样性较高,但是不同区域有一定差别,环湖路比5洲(环洲、樱洲、菱洲、梁州、翠洲)的均匀度、丰富度和多样性指数高,优势度低;环洲和樱洲的鸟类物种相似性最高,翠洲与环洲、环湖路北段与环湖路南段相似性次之,其他区域相似性偏低。结果表明玄武湖具有较高的鸟类多样性;玄武湖不同区域鸟类的空间分布与景观格局、植被类型、人为活动密切相关。基于研究结果提出玄武湖鸟类多样性保护建议,以期为生物多样性保护和管理提供科学参考。

In order to protect the avian diversity of Xuanwu Lake and further explore the impact of urban habitat on bird diversity,this article took birds at Xuanwu Lake as the object and used fixed-transect method to survey bird assemble from April to December,2021.A total of 49 bird species,belonging to 13 orders,30 families,were recorded.The possible influence of habitat on the level of avian diversity was discussed by analyzing the diversity index and similarity of birds among different transects.The results showed that the overall bird diversity of Xuanwu Lake was high,but changed among different regions.The evenness,richness and diversity index of the road around were higher than those of the five isles(Huanzhou,Yingzhou,Lingzhou,Liangzhou and Cuizhou),but with lower dominance.The similarity of bird species between Huanzhou and Yingzhou was the highest,followed by that between Cuizhou and Huanzhou,next between north and south Huanhu Road.We concluded that the distribution of birds in different areas of Xuanwu Lake was closely related to the natural habitat patterns,vegetation types and human activities.To further safeguard avian diversity of Xuanwu Lake,several conservation measures were also suggested.