河南省水治理领域政策工具分析

ANALYSIS OF POLICY TOOLS FOR WATER GOVERNANCE IN HENAN PROVINCE

河南省水治理政策是反映河南省水治理进程的主要维度,对政策工具使用的分析有利于了解河南省水治理政策结构。收集1978—2021年间426份河南省水治理政策文本,运用Nvivo软件对政策文本进行三级编码,从水治理不同领域和政策工具角度进行横向与纵向分析。研究发现:河南省水治理政策演变经历了初始、调整、发展、深化4个阶段;强制型政策工具在河南省水治理政策工具中占主导地位,而市场型和社会参与型政策工具稍显不足;在水治理不同领域中,水工程治理、水灾害治理、水资源治理是政策关注的重点且政策工具数量较多,其他水治理领域政策工具使用的频率则较低;水治理不同领域均有不同的特点,但是政策手段的使用针对性不强。在未来的治水中要综合运用多种政策工具,结合水治理领域的特点,使用针对性的政策手段,完善水治理政策体系,提升水治理能力。

The water governance policy of Henan Province is a main dimension reflecting the water governance process of Henan Province.The analysis of policy tools and their use is conducive to understand the water governance policy structure of Henan Province.This paper collects 426 water governance policy texts of Henan Province from 1978 to 2021,uses NVivo software to encode the policy texts at three levels,and makes horizontal and vertical analysis from the perspective of different fields and policy tools of water governance,so as to understand the selection preference of water governance policy tools and optimize the combination of policy tools.The research finds that the changes in water governance policies in Henan Province have gone through four stages:initial,adjustment,development and deepening;mandatory policy tools dominate while the use of economic and social participation policy tools is slightly insufficient,but their use frequency has increased with the enhancement of water governance awareness;in different water governance fields,water engineering governance,water disaster governance,and water resources governance are the focus of policy attention and have a large number of policy tools,while the frequency of use of policy tools in other water governance fields is low;different water governance has different characteristics,but the use of policy means is not targeted enough.It is necessary to comprehensively use a variety of policy tools,considering the characteristics of the water governance field,use targeted policy means,improve the water governance policy system,encourage the use and promotion of advanced technologies,and enhance the capacity of water governance.