中国不同城乡及地区孕妇水摄入量研究

STUDY ON WATER INTAKE OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN DIFFERENT URBAN AND RURAL AREAS AND REGIONS IN CHINA

目的分析我国不同城乡及地区孕妇每日水摄入量。方法采用多阶段随机抽样,于2018年12月~2019年2月在全国范围6大地区13个省市的妇幼保健机构招募符合条件的调查对象。采用面对面访谈,由调查员使用iPad,利用食物估量辅助工具“食物图谱”在线记录并评估4d(包括2个工作日和2个周末)内所有饮料和食物摄入量,基于《中国食物成分表(2016)》数据计算每日饮料和食物中水分及其他营养素。结果城市和农村孕妇总水摄入量均为2190ml/d,农村饮料水摄入量略低于城市,而食物水摄入量则相反,差别均不显著。华中地区总水摄入量最高(2367 ml/d),华北最低(2065 ml/d);华南地区饮料水摄入量及占比均最高(1324 ml/d,56.6%),西南最低,(985 ml/d,49.8%);华中地区食物水摄入量最高(1058ml/d,45.3%),华北最低(931ml/d,45.5%)。地区间总水摄入量、饮料水摄入量、食物水摄入量占比差别均显著(P<0.05)。城市白水、奶及奶制品、菜肴和零食中水摄入量大于农村,其他饮料、主食、粥和汤中水摄入量则相反,除白水、其他饮料、主食和汤外,城乡间差别均显著。此外,地区间不同类型饮料和食物水摄入量及其占比差别均显著(P<0.05)。结论我国不同地区孕妇水摄入量存在显著差异,修订适宜摄入量时需考虑在内,并开展针对性健康宣教,以改善饮水状况。

Objective To analyze the daily water intake of pregnant women in different urban and rural areas and regions in China.Methods Using a multi-stage random sampling method,from December 2018 to February 2019,eligible survey subjects were recruited from maternal and child health care institutions in 13 provinces and cities in 6 regions across the country.Using face-to-face interviews,with the aid of the food measurement tool"Food Atlas",investigators used iPad to record and evaluate all beverage and food intakes in 4 days(including 2 working days and 2 weekend days)online.Then,the water and other nutrients in daily beverages and foods were calculated based on the data from the"Chinese Food Composition Table(2016)".Results The total water intake(TWI)of pregnant women was 2190 ml/d in both urban and rural areas,with water from beverages(WFB)slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas,while the opposite was true for water from foods(WFF),with no significant differences.In addition,TWI was highest in Central China(2367 ml/d)and lowest in North China(2065 ml/d);both WFB and its proportion of TWI were highest in South China(1324 ml/d,56.6%)and lowest in Southwest China(985 ml/d,49.8%);WFF was highest in Central China(1058 ml/d,45.3%)and lowest in North China(931 ml/d,45.5%).The differences in TWI,WFB,and the proportion of WFF to TWI were significant between regions(P<0.05).Water intake from plain water,milk and milk products,dishes and snacks was greater in urban than in rural areas,while the opposite was true for water intake from other beverages,staple foods,porridge and soup,and the differences between urban and rural areas were significant except for plain water,other beverages,staple food and soup.In addition,the differences in water intake and proportion of different types of beverages and foods among regions were significant(P<0.05).Conclusion There were significant differences in the water intake of pregnant women in different regions of China,which should be taken into account when revising the adequate intake,and targeted health education should be carried out to improve the drinking water status.