海昏侯墓出土肖形铜器的艺术特点与审美思想管窥

Research on the Artistic Characteristics and Aesthetic Thoughts of the Shaped Modelling Bronze Wares Unearthed in the Tomb of Haihun Marquis

西汉海昏侯墓出土的铜器具有鲜明的艺术特点。与商周时期相比,其题材选择更加丰富多样。既有对神仙世界的想象性创作,也有对现实生物的模仿及历史事件的记载。器物的造型和纹饰出现嬗变,立体的肖形附饰逐渐消失,肖形造型中的立体抽象纹饰也被飘逸浪漫的细刻线或器型本身的写实塑造代替。其审美思想也有所发展,审美范畴逐渐转变,且充满了人文精神和生活化倾向,还反映出汉人不同于前人的审美观照模式。产生这些变化的原因,主要是由于社会经济发展和手工业的进步,铜礼器走向生活用器及宗教环境改变所致。

The animal modelling bronze ware from the tomb of Marquis Haihun of the Western Han Dynasty has distinct artistic characteristics.Compared with the Shang and Zhou dynasties,its themes were more diversified.There are not only imaginative creations of the immortal world,but also descriptions of the real world and records of historical events.The modeling and ornamentation of the utensilare changing,the three-dimensional animal modelling decorations are gradually disappearing,and the three-dimensional abstract ornamentation on the animal modeling is also replaced by elegant and romantic fine carving lines or the realistic molding of the shape itself.Its aesthetic thought also has some development,the aesthetic category gradually changes,and is full of the humanistic spirit and the tendency of life,also reflects the Han people different from the predecessors’ aesthetic view mode.The reasons for these changes are mainly due to the development of social economy and the progress of handicraft industry,the trend of bronze ritual ware to be used in daily life,and the change of religious environment.