从中间型经济到农业:西亚早期村庄中野生食物的利用、驯化和栽培

From Intermediate Economy to Agriculture:Trends in Wild Food Use,Domestication and Cultivation among Early Villages in West Asia

本文介绍了西亚地区向农业转变这一长期过程中的生计策略,并讨论和定义了何为中间型经济。它应该是以野生植物的开发利用、果物栽培和作物农业(crop agriculture)为特征的一种混合型经济。本文涉及的植物考古材料主要来自新月沃地公元前12000年至公元前5000年的考古遗址,比较分析了同作物驯化(如非落粒性和种子尺寸增长)和作物多样性有关的数据,以及作物农业和野生资源利用的区域性特点。通过比较研究,表明西亚地区从狩猎采集向不同农业系统发展是存在内部区域性差异的。

This paper addresses the range of subsistence strategies in the protracted transition to agriculture in Southwest Asia.Discussed and defned here are the intermediate economies that can be characterized by a mixed-subsistence economy of wild plant exploitation,fruit cultivation and crop agriculture.Archaeobotanical data from sites located across the Fertile Crescent and dated 12000 to 5000 cal.BC are compared alongside a backdrop of data for domestication(i.e.,non-shattering rachises and seed size increase)and crop diversity with regionally distinct profles of crop agriculture and wild food exploitation.This research highlights sub-regional variations across Southwest Asia in the timing of subsistence change in the transition from hunting and gathering to diversifed agricultural systems.