降低内蒙古自治区粮食生产总成本的对策研究——基于玉米、大豆、小麦、粳稻的实证分析

Research on the Countermeasures to Reduce the Total Cost of Grain Production in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region——Empirical Analysis based on Corn,Soybean,Wheat and Japonica

粮食生产总成本的持续上涨不仅挤压了种粮收益,而且降低了农民的种粮积极性,既不利于国家粮食安全,也不利于农业的可持续发展。因此,降低粮食生产总成本、稳定粮食产量刻不容缓。内蒙古自治区作为我国粮食生产的主产区,同样面临着生产成本不断上涨和比较优势持续下降的双重困境。造成这一困境的主要原因是土地、劳动力、农资等生产要素租赁价格不断上涨,水资源、耕地资源、劳动力资源等比较优势持续下降。面对要素价格上涨和生产成本增加的双重压力,内蒙古应加快规范土地租赁市场、改变土地转包方式、发展壮大粮食生产主体、稳定化肥供应价格、强化种子工程、提高灌溉效率,从而降低粮食生产总成本,保障粮食稳产保供。

The continuous increase in the total cost of grain production not only squeezes the income of grain planting, but also reduces the enthusiasm of farmers to plant grain, which is not conducive to national food security and sustainable development of agriculture. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the total cost of grain production and stabilize grain output. As the main grain production area in China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region also faces the dual dilemma of rising production costs and declining comparative advantages. The main reasons for this dilemma are that the rental prices of production factors such as land, labor, and agricultural materials continue to rise, and the comparative advantages of water resources, arable land resources, and labor resources continue to decline. Faced with the dual pressures of rising factor prices and increased production costs, Inner Mongolia should speed up the regulation of the land leasing market, change the way of land subcontracting, develop and expand the main body of grain production, stabilize the supply price of fertilizers, strengthen the seed engineering, improve the irrigation efficiency to reduce the total cost of grain production and ensure the stable grain production and guaranteed supply.