侦探小说的类型改写实验——以程小青的创作转型为中心

The Experiment of Type Adaptation of Detective Novels:Centered on the Transformation of Cheng Xiaoqing’s Writing

20世纪50年代的通俗文学改造过程中,侦探小说的创作方向和理论价值面临重估。作家程小青从重写侦探小说到改为惊险小说,进行写法上的变革,以此区别于苏联惊险小说的写法。这场改写实验,化用侦探小说“华生视角”的叙事结构来表达“反特”功能叙事。以往形成的现代侦探小说读者阅读接受模式,在新的群众读者读法的培养要求下必须求变,以生成新的惊险小说读者读法。侦探小说的类型改写实验是革命文艺通俗化实践新旧交替阶段多种面相的一种,为理解当代类型化小说与革命理念的互动提供了有效的打开路径。

The transformation of popular literature in the 1950s witnesses the reevaluation of the writing direction and theoretical value of detective novel. Cheng Xiaoqing undertakes a transformation in his writing by rewriting detective stories and then writing thrillers, in order to be different from the writing method of thrillers in the Soviet Union. This experiment in rewriting uses the narrative structure of the detective novel “Watson Perspective” to express the “Anti-special” functional narrative. The mode of read-reception formed by modern detective novels changes under the requirements of the new mass reading method, so as to generate a new thriller reading method. The type rewriting experiment of detective novels is one of the various aspects of the old and new alternating stages of the popularization practice of revolutionary literature and art, which provides an effective way to understand the interaction between contemporary type novels and revolutionary ideas.