中国新时期社会文化史上的德云社相声

The Cross Talk of Deyunshe in the Social Cultural History of the New Period of China

学界对德云社的研究集中于郭德纲相声,从历史学角度对德云社的沉浮及其原因的探讨尚属空白。近10年,岳云鹏渐有继承郭德纲盛名之势,但近年来,德云社相声的影响力却处于衰退之中。原因在于,郭德纲娱乐至上的“非理性”精神是德云社相声的指挥棒,其内涵包括漠视智育、过分感性、排斥部分主流观念。郭德纲的成才受益于20世纪80年代的“新启蒙”“文化热”思潮,而岳云鹏则属于以表演相声走红的过渡型娱乐明星。尽管德云社通过商业化运作使其在当代走上大众文艺的“前台”,却始终呈现为缺乏文艺深度和底蕴、过度追求媚俗的文化形式。德云社现象启示中国传统艺术现代化转化的目标应当是适度批判的理性文化,而非过分突出享乐的感性文化形式。

The academic research on Deyunshe mainly focuses on Guo Degang’s cross talk with a lack of studies on the historic ups and downs of Deyunshe and its reasons.Over the past decade,Yue Yunpeng has gradually gained his reputation as Guo has,while the influence of the cross talk of Deyunshe has been declining,the reason of which is that Deyunshe has always adhered to Guo Degang’s “irrational” assumption that takes entertainment as its supreme goal and thus becomes too emotional,ignores intellectual education and rejects some mainstream concepts as well.Although Deyunshe has embarked on the “front stage” of mass literature and arts through commercial operation,it is still a cultural form with excessive pursuit of vulgarity that lacks literary depth and cultural deposits.The phenomenon of Deyunshe reveals that the modernization of Chinese traditional arts should be target at a rational culture of moderate criticism rather than a cultural form of being overly hedonic.