数字经济如何缓解相对贫困

How Can Digital Economy Alleviate Relative Poverty

中国绝对贫困虽已消除,但相对贫困将长期存在,本文全面分析了数字经济对相对贫困的影响。理论上,数字经济可提高居民收入,增加就业渠道,激发创业热情,利于缓解相对贫困;实证上,基于中国家庭追踪调查2010—2018年数据考察了数字经济如何影响相对贫困。主要结论如下:数字经济可以显著缓解相对贫困,从多维度进行稳健性检验及考虑内生性后,结论仍然成立;在西部地区、乡村地区及经济发展水平较低地区,数字经济的减贫效应更强;增收、促进就业和激发创业是数字经济缓解相对贫困的重要作用机制。受教育程度、对未来的信心和幸福感可在数字经济的减贫作用中发挥正向调节作用。最后,从数字基础设施建设、数字经济发展战略和民生保障等方面给出了相应的对策建议。

Although absolute poverty has been eliminated in China,relative poverty will persist for a long time.This paper comprehensively analyzes the impact of the digital economy on relative poverty.Theoretically,the digital economy can improve residents’income,increase employment channels,stimulate entrepreneurship,and contribute to alleviating relative poverty.Empirically,we examine how the digital economy affects relative poverty based on data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010-2018,and the main conclusions are as follows:the digital economy can significantly alleviate relative poverty,and the conclusions still hold after robustness tests from multiple dimensions and consideration of endogeneity.The poverty reduction effect of the digital economy is stronger in western regions,rural areas,and regions with lower levels of economic development.Increasing income,promoting employment,and stimulating entrepreneurship are important mechanisms of the digital economy to alleviate relative poverty.Educational attainment,confidence in the future and happiness can play a positive moderating role in the poverty reduction effect of the digital economy.Finally,corresponding countermeasure suggestions are given in terms of digital infrastructure construction,digital economy development strategies and livelihood protection.