六价铬生物修复的研究进展

A Review on Bioremediation for Hexavalent Chromium

自然和人为活动在一定程度上都能增加环境中六价铬的浓度。六价铬可通过消化道、呼吸道、皮肤及黏膜侵入人体,会引起诸多的健康问题,在体内具有致癌作用。传统的降低六价铬浓度的方法主要有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、膜法、电渗析法和吸附法等,在实施、效率和生态角度上都存在各种困难。因此,研究人员专注于寻找替代和生态友好的方法从环境中去除有毒污染物,称为生物修复。生物修复是通过利用细菌、真菌和藻类等活的或者死的生物来进行修复。另外,农业废弃物、生物炭由于其优异的表面性能、丰富的可用性和成本效益,也被用作生物吸附剂,多种物理和化学处理通过改变生物吸附剂的表面性质来增强其生物吸附能力。综述了生物修复材料在六价铬去除中的应用,展望了可持续环境治理的研究前景。

Both natural and man-made activities can increase the concentration of chromium hexavalent in the environment to some extent.Hexavalent chromium can invade the human body through digestive tract,respiratory tract,skin and mucous membrane,causing many other health problems,and has carcinogenic effect in vivo.Traditional methods for reducing hexavalent chromium concentrations include chemical precipitation,ion exchange,membrane,electrodialysis and adsorption,with various difficulties in terms of implementation,efficiency and ecological perspectives.,but there are various difficulties in implementation,efficiency and ecology.As a result,some researchers are focusing on finding alternative and eco-friendly ways to remove toxic pollutants from the environment,called bioremediation.Bioremediation is the use of living and dead biomass such as bacteria,fungi and algae.In addition,agricultural waste and biochar are also used as biosorbents due to their excellent surface properties,abundant availability and cost effectiveness.A variety of physical and chemical treatments enhance the biosorbents by changing their surface properties.This paper reviews the application of bioremediation materials in hexavalent chromium removal and looks forward to the research prospects of sustainable environmental management.