细胞外囊泡参与氧化平衡在衰老和再生过程中的研究进展

Research progress in extracellular vesicles involved in redox balance during aging and regeneration

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是细胞间通讯的媒介,参与众多生理和病理过程的调节,同时也是极富潜力的生物标记物和治疗工具.然而在应用于临床之前,仍需要更深入地研究其相关作用的分子机制.氧化还原体系的平衡既与衰老性疾病的发生和进展相关,又参与了损伤后修复和组织再生等过程的调节,是老化与再生的中心环节之一.EVs的发生以及其所携带的活性生物成分都具有衰老、再生、氧化应激敏感性,其含量或成分的改变可以触发靶细胞中的抗氧化剂和促氧化剂的反应,从而调节氧化还原平衡状态.本文总结了目前EVs研究领域的相关共识,综述了EVs参与氧化还原平衡调节在衰老和再生相关病理过程的相关研究,并讨论了EVs未来临床应用的方向和前景.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are mediators of intercellular communication involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes.EVs are also potential biomarkers and therapeutic tools.However,it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of exosome-related effects before clinical application.The balance of the redox system is not only related to the occurrence and progression of aging diseases but is also involved in the regulation of postinjury repair and tissue regeneration,which is the central link between aging and regeneration.EVs and the active biological components they carry are sensitive to senescence,regeneration,and oxidative stress.A change in EV contents or composition can trigger antioxidant and prooxidant reactions in target cells,thus regulating the redox balance.This paper summarizes the current consensus in EV research,reviews related studies on the participation of EVs in regulating redox balance in aging and regeneration-related pathological processes,and discusses the direction and prospects for future clinical applications of EVs.