日本基于健康养老生活视角的住宅适老化改造策略解读

STUDY ON THE ELDERLY-ORIENTED HOUSING RENOVATION STRATEGIES IN JAPAN BASED ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTHY LIFE IN OLD AGE

2019年,日本国土交通省制定了《高龄期健康舒适生活的住宅改造指南》(以下简称《指南》)。《指南》重点关注低龄活力老年人的居家生活环境,呼吁老年人为了健康养老生活,提高住宅适老化改造的意识。《指南》中提出了住宅适老化改造的4个目标和8项改造需要关注的内容,主要用于指导住宅改造,满足老年人健康时期及自理程度降低时的生活需求,确保长期的居住品质。日本高龄者住宅协会基于指南的指导方针,又制定了面向老年人及其他专家、团体的住宅适老化改造指导手册,手册中还包括住宅适老化改造的具体流程和案例。本文从《指南》内容和手册提出的改造流程两方面梳理其相关策略,以期对我国正在开展的住宅适老化改造工作提供参考,提升我国老年人居家健康养老生活的品质。

In 2019,the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism of Japan formulated the Housing Renovation Guidelines for A Healthy and Comfortable Life for the Elderly Generation(hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines).The Guidelines attaches great importance to the living environment of young and energetic elders at home,calling on the elderly to raise the awareness of the elderly-oriented housing renovation in order to seek a healthy life in their old ages.The Guidelines also puts forward 4 goals and 8 noteworthy items applicable to the elderly-oriented housing renovation to meet the life demands of the elderly both in good health condition and with declining self-care degree,ensuring their long-term living quality.Based on the Guidelines,the Senior Housing Association of Japan has further developed the instruction manuals of the elderly-oriented housing renovation targeting the elderly,experts and organizations,which covers specific renovation process and cases.This article systematically sorts out the relevant strategies from 2 perspectives,the content of the Guidelines and the renovation process introduced by the manuals,in order to provide valuable inspirations for the ongoing work concerning the elderly-oriented housing renovation and improve the life quality of the elderly at home in China.