细胞外囊泡在肾脏疾病诊断和治疗中的机遇与挑战

Role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and therapy of kidney disease:opportunities and challenges

细胞外囊泡(EV)作为细胞与细胞间的通讯载体在肾脏疾病的诊断和治疗中展现出了新的应用潜能。最近研究发现,尿液中来源于肾脏的EV水平和特征的变化可反映肾脏疾病。肾损伤时循环中的EV也会发生改变。循环和尿液中肾脏分泌的EV可作为肾损伤的潜在早期生物标志物。来源于修复细胞如间充质干细胞的EV则有成为治疗工具的潜质。此外,正在开发研究的工程化改造EV可用于肾脏疾病的特异性治疗。因此,EV有望成为诊断肾脏疾病的潜在生物标志物和治疗工具。

Extracellular vesicles(Evs)are important vectors for cell-cell communication and their potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases has been explored.Recent studies have revealed that changes in the level and characteristics of urinary extracellular vesicles from resident kidney cells are related to severity of various kidney diseases.Yet,circulating extracellular vesicles may also be altered in kidney disease.Circulating EVs and urinary EVs secreted by renal cells have been shown as potential early biomarkers of renal injury.EVs derived from repair cells such as mesenchymal stem cells also represent promising therapeutic agents for treatment of kidney diseases.Furthermore,engineered extracellular vesicles are being developed for specific therapy of certain kidney diseases.In conclusion,EVs may represent promising biomarkers for the detecting and monitoring of renal diseases,which has also the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.This review focuses on the utility of extracellular vesicles as therapeutic and diagnostic tools in kidney diseases and future prospective of EVs research.